docker compose和docker-compose的区别及使用说明

V1: docker-compose up
  └── Python 进程 ~50-80MB 内存

V2: docker compose up
  └── Go 二进制 ~15-25MB 内存

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    develop:
      watch:
        # 修改源码 -> 同步到容器
        - path: ./src
          action: sync
          target: /app/src

        # 修改 package.json -> 重新构建镜像
        - path: ./package.json
          action: rebuild

        # 修改配置 -> 重启容器
        - path: ./config
          action: sync+restart
          target: /app/config

docker compose watch

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  db:
    image: postgres:15
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "pg_isready", "-U", "postgres"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  api:
    build: .
    depends_on:
      db:
        condition: service_healthy

docker-compose up -d
# 需要自己写循环等待
while ! docker-compose exec db pg_isready; do sleep 1; done
npm test

docker compose up -d --wait
# 命令会阻塞，直到所有服务健康检查通过
npm test

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  # 核心服务 - 始终启动
  web:
    image: nginx
    ports:
      - "80:80"

  api:
    build: ./api
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"

  db:
    image: postgres:15
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

  # 调试工具 - 仅调试时启动
  pgadmin:
    image: dpage/pgadmin4
    ports:
      - "5050:80"
    profiles: ["debug"]

  # 性能监控 - 仅监控时启动
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus
    profiles: ["monitoring"]

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana
    profiles: ["monitoring"]

  # 测试服务 - 仅测试时启动
  test-runner:
    build: ./tests
    profiles: ["test"]

volumes:
  db_data:

# 日常开发 - 只启动核心服务
docker compose up -d
# 启动: web, api, db

# 需要调试数据库
docker compose --profile debug up -d
# 启动: web, api, db, pgadmin

# 性能监控
docker compose --profile monitoring up -d
# 启动: web, api, db, prometheus, grafana

# 运行测试
docker compose --profile test up -d
# 启动: web, api, db, test-runner

# 组合多个 profile
docker compose --profile debug --profile monitoring up -d
# 启动: web, api, db, pgadmin, prometheus, grafana

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  db:
    image: postgres:15
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "pg_isready", "-U", "postgres"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  redis:
    image: redis:7
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5

  api:
    build: ./api
    depends_on:
      db:
        condition: service_healthy    # 等 db 健康检查通过
        restart: true                 # db 重启时 api 也重启
      redis:
        condition: service_healthy
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"

  worker:
    build: ./worker
    depends_on:
      api:
        condition: service_started    # api 启动即可，不等健康检查
      redis:
        condition: service_healthy

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  frontend:
    build:
      context: ./frontend
      cache_from:
        - frontend:cache

  backend:
    build:
      context: ./backend
      cache_from:
        - backend:cache

  worker:
    build: ./worker

# 并行构建所有服务
docker compose build --parallel

# 显示构建进度
docker compose build --progress=plain

# 不使用缓存
docker compose build --no-cache

# 只构建指定服务
docker compose build frontend backend

# 预览 up 会做什么
docker compose up --dry-run

# 预览 down 会删除什么
docker compose down --dry-run

# 预览构建过程
docker compose build --dry-run

DRY-RUN MODE - No changes will be made
[+] Running 3/0
 ✔ Network myapp_default  Created
 ✔ Container myapp-db-1   Created
 ✔ Container myapp-api-1  Created

project/
├── docker-compose.yml          # 基础配置
├── docker-compose.override.yml # 本地开发覆盖（自动加载）
├── docker-compose.prod.yml     # 生产环境
└── docker-compose.test.yml     # 测试环境

services:
  api:
    image: myapi:latest
    environment:
      - DB_HOST=db

services:
  api:
    build: .
    volumes:
      - ./src:/app/src
    environment:
      - DEBUG=true

services:
  api:
    deploy:
      replicas: 3
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '0.5'
          memory: 512M
    environment:
      - DEBUG=false

# 开发环境（自动合并 override）
docker compose up

# 生产环境
docker compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.prod.yml up

# 查看合并后的完整配置
docker compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.prod.yml config

# 添加到 ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.zshrc
alias docker-compose='docker compose'

# 不再需要 version 字段（V2 会忽略）
# version: "3.8"  # 可删除

services:
  web:
    image: nginx