Docker Compose资源配额管理实现限制容器CPU与内存使用

services:
  web:
    image: nginx:alpine
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '0.5'    # 限制使用0.5核(50%)
          memory: 512M   # 硬限制512MB
        reservations:     # 软保留资源(低优先级)
          memory: 256M   # 保证至少256MB可用

services:
  api:
    image: node:18-alpine
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          memory: 1G          # 硬限制
        reservations:
          memory: 512M        # 软保留
    environment:
      - NODE_OPTIONS=--max-old-space-size=800  # 应用层限制

version: '3.8'
services:
  high-prio:  # 高优先级服务
    image: app:latest
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '1'
        reservations:
          cpus: '0.5'
  low-prio:   # 低优先级服务
    image: backup:latest
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '0.5'
        reservations:
          cpus: '0.2'

services:
  db:
    image: postgres:14
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '1.0'
          memory: 2G
  web:
    image: nginx
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '0.5'
          memory: 512M

# .env.dev
DB_MEM_LIMIT=512M
API_MEM_LIMIT=256M
# .env.prod
DB_MEM_LIMIT=2G
API_MEM_LIMIT=1G

services:
  db:
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          memory: ${DB_MEM_LIMIT}

# 查看容器CPU/内存使用
docker stats --no-stream
# 查看特定容器详细CGroup参数
docker inspect -f '{{.HostConfig.CgroupParent}}' [container_id]

# docker-compose.yml添加监控服务
services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
    command:
      - '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'

# 检查所有服务是否设置资源限制
grep -r "limits:" docker-compose.yml
# 验证语法正确性
docker-compose config --quiet

docker inspect -f '{{.State.OOMKilled}}' api-container  # 返回true

services:
  api:
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          memory: 1G
        reservations:
          memory: 512M
    environment:
      - NODE_OPTIONS=--expose-gc

services:
  logger:
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '0.3'
        reservations:
          cpus: '0.1'