Docker Desktop安装指南及汉化超详细教程

# 启用WSL功能
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

# 设置WSL2为默认版本
wsl --set-default-version 2

# 安装Ubuntu（可从Microsoft Store安装，或使用命令）
wsl --install -d Ubuntu

winget install Docker.DockerDesktop

docker version
docker ps

# 1. 卸载旧版本（如有）
sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

# 2. 安装依赖
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release

# 3. 添加Docker官方GPG密钥
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

# 4. 添加稳定版仓库
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# 5. 安装Docker引擎
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

# 6. 启动并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker

# 7. 验证安装
sudo docker run hello-world

sudo groupadd docker
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://registry.docker-cn.com",
    "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
  ]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl restart docker

docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
...

# 1. 运行Nginx容器，将容器80端口映射到主机8080端口
docker run -d --name my-nginx -p 8080:80 nginx

# 参数说明：
# -d：后台运行
# --name：指定容器名称
# -p 主机端口:容器端口：端口映射

docker ps

docker stop my-nginx
docker rm my-nginx

# 以交互模式运行容器（-it）
docker run -it --name test-container ubuntu bash

# 或者在运行中的容器执行命令
docker exec -it my-nginx bash

docker images

docker ps -a

docker logs my-nginx
# 实时跟踪日志
docker logs -f my-nginx

docker rmi nginx

docker system prune -a

# 1. 创建本地HTML文件
mkdir ~/my-html
echo "<h1>Hello from Docker!</h1>" > ~/my-html/index.html

# 2. 运行容器并挂载目录
docker run -d --name web -p 8080:80 -v ~/my-html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx

# 保持容器运行
docker run -it ubuntu bash

# 查找占用8080端口的进程（Linux/Mac）
lsof -i:8080

# 修改映射端口
docker run -d -p 8081:80 nginx