Python中with及contextlib的用法详解

with file('test.py','r') as f :
  print f.readline()

#!encoding:utf-8
class echo :
  def output(self) :
    print 'hello world'
  def __enter__(self):
    print 'enter'
    return self #返回自身实例，当然也可以返回任何希望返回的东西
  def __exit__(self, exception_type, exception_value, exception_traceback):
    #若发生异常，会在这里捕捉到，可以进行异常处理
    print 'exit'
    #如果改__exit__可以处理改异常则通过返回True告知该异常不必传播，否则返回False
    if exception_type == ValueError :
      return True
    else:
      return False
with echo() as e:
  e.output()
  print 'do something inside'
print '-----------'
with echo() as e:
  raise ValueError('value error')
print '-----------'
with echo() as e:
  raise Exception('can not detect')

from contextlib import contextmanager
@contextmanager
def make_context() :
  print 'enter'
  try :
    yield {}
  except RuntimeError, err :
    print 'error' , err
  finally :
    print 'exit'
with make_context() as value :
  print value

from contextlib import contextmanager
from contextlib import nested
from contextlib import closing
@contextmanager
def make_context(name) :
  print 'enter', name
  yield name
  print 'exit', name
with nested(make_context('A'), make_context('B')) as (a, b) :
  print a
  print b
with make_context('A') as a, make_context('B') as b :
  print a
  print b
class Door(object) :
  def open(self) :
    print 'Door is opened'
  def close(self) :
    print 'Door is closed'
with closing(Door()) as door :
  door.open()