浅谈Nginx请求限制和访问控制的实现

Syntax:    limit_conn_zone key zone=name:size;
Default:  —
Context:  http

Syntax:    limit_conn zone number;
Default:  —
Context:  http, server, location

http {
  # ...其它代码省略...
  # 开辟一个10m的连接空间，命名为addr
  limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:10m;
  server {
    ...
    location /download/ {
      # 服务器每次只允许一个IP地址连接
      limit_conn addr 1;
    }
  }
}

Syntax:    limit_req_zone key zone=name:size rate=rate;
Default:  —
Context:  http


Syntax:    limit_req zone=name [burst=number] [nodelay];
Default:  —
Context:  http, server, location

http {

  # ...其它代码省略...
  
  # 开辟一个10m的请求空间，命名为one。同一个IP发送的请求，平均每秒只处理一次
  limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
  
  server {
      ...

    location /search/ {
      limit_req zone=one;
      # 当客户端请求超过指定次数，最多宽限5次请求，并延迟处理，1秒1个请求
      # limit_req zone=one burst=5;
      # 当客户端请求超过指定次数，最多宽限5次请求，并立即处理。
      # limit_req zone=one burst=5 nodelay;

    }
  }
}

Syntax:    allow address | CIDR | unix: | all;
Default:  —
Context:  http, server, location, limit_except

Syntax:    deny address | CIDR | unix: | all;
Default:  —
Context:  http, server, location, limit_except

server {
  # ...其它代码省略...
  location ~ ^/index_1.html {
    root  /usr/share/nginx/html;
    deny 151.19.57.60; # 拒绝这个IP访问
    allow all; # 允许其他所有IP访问
  }

  location ~ ^/index_2.html {
    root  /usr/share/nginx/html;
    allow 151.19.57.0/24; # 允许IP 151.19.57.* 访问
    deny all; # 拒绝其他所有IP访问
  }
}

Syntax:    auth_basic string | off;
Default:  auth_basic off;
Context:  http, server, location, limit_except


Syntax:    auth_basic_user_file file;
Default:  —
Context:  http, server, location, limit_except

[root~]# yum -y install httpd-tools

[root/etc/nginx]# htpasswd -c ./auth_conf auth_root
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user auth_root

[root/etc/nginx]# ll auth_conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48 7月  9 11:38 auth_conf

[root/etc/nginx]# cat auth_conf
auth_root:$apr1$2v6gftlm$oo2LE8glGQWi68MCqtcN90

server {
  # ...其它代码省略...
  
  location ~ ^/index.html {
    root  /usr/share/nginx/html;
    auth_basic "Auth access! Input your password!";
    auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/auth_conf;
  }
}