Python使用Selenium模块模拟浏览器抓取斗鱼直播间信息示例

import time
from multiprocessing import Pool
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from pymongo import MongoClient
from pymongo.errors import PyMongoError
# monogdb配置信息
MONGO_HOST = "localhost"
MONGO_DATABASE = "douyu"
MONGO_TABLE = "zhibo"
client = MongoClient(host=MONGO_HOST)
db = client[MONGO_DATABASE]
# PhantomJS 命令行相关配置
# 参见 http://phantomjs.org/api/command-line.html
SERVICE_ARGS = ['--disk-cache=true', '--load-images=false']
# driver = webdriver.Chrome() # 有界面
driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(service_args=SERVICE_ARGS) # 无界面
delay = 10
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, delay)
driver.maximize_window()
def get_total_pages():
  url = 'https://www.douyu.com/directory/all'
  driver.get(url)
  pages = int(driver.find_element_by_css_selector(
    '.shark-pager-dot + .shark-pager-item').text)
  print("正在获取第1页数据")
  room_list = get_rooms_by_beautifulsoup()
  save_to_monogodb(room_list)
  return pages
# 根据页码获取指定页数据，并将其保存到数据库中
def parse_page(page_num):
  print("正在获取第%d页数据" % page_num)
  try:
    page_num_box = wait.until(
      EC.presence_of_element_located(
        (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input.jumptxt")))
    go_btn = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(
      (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'a.shark-pager-submit')))
    page_num_box.clear()
    page_num_box.send_keys(page_num)
    go_btn.click()
    # driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
    # time.sleep(0.1)
    wait.until(
      EC.text_to_be_present_in_element(
        (By.CSS_SELECTOR,
         '.shark-pager-item.current'),
        str(page_num)))
    # 对于By.CLASS_NAME invalid selector: Compound class names not permitted
    room_list = get_rooms_by_beautifulsoup()
    save_to_monogodb(room_list)
  except TimeoutException:
    print("请求第%d页失败" % page_num)
    print("尝试重新获取第%d页" % page_num)
    return parse_page(page_num)
# 通过bs4解析数据
def get_rooms_by_beautifulsoup():
  '''
  通过bs4库解析数据
  获取直播间的名称，观看人数,标签，主播名
  '''
  wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located(
    (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "ul#live-list-contentbox > li")))
  html = driver.page_source
  soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
  rooms = soup.select('ul#live-list-contentbox > li')
  for room in rooms:
    room_name = room.find(
      'h3', attrs={
        'class': 'ellipsis'}).get_text(
      strip=True)
    view_count = room.find('span', class_='dy-num fr').text
    tag = room.find('span', class_='tag ellipsis').text
    hostname = room.find('span', class_='dy-name ellipsis fl').text
    #print("房间名: " + room_name + "\t观看人数: " + view_count + "\t标签: " + tag + "\t主播名: " + hostname)
    yield {
      'room_name': room_name,
      'view_count': view_count,
      'tag': tag,
      'hostname': hostname,
    }
def save_to_monogodb(room_list):
  for room in room_list:
    try:
      db[MONGO_TABLE].insert(room)  # insert支持插入多条数据
      print("mongodb插入数据成功:", room)
    except PyMongoError as e:
      print("mongodb插入数据失败:", room, e)
if __name__ == '__main__':
  try:
    total_pages = get_total_pages()
    for page_num in range(2, total_pages + 1):
      parse_page(page_num)
  except Exception as e:
    print("出错了", e)
  finally: # 确保 浏览器能正常关闭
    print("共有%d页" % total_pages)
    driver.close()