在 Spring Boot 项目中实现文件下载功能

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

file:
 doc-dir: doc/

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "file")
@Data
public class FileProperties {
  private String docDir;
}

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigurationProperties({FileProperties.class})
public class AutoTestApplication {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(AutoTestApplication.class, args);
  }
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("file")
public class FileController {
  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FileController.class);
  @Autowired
  private FileService fileService;
  @GetMapping("download/{fileName}")
  public ResponseEntity<Resource> downloadFile(@PathVariable String fileName,
                         HttpServletRequest request) {
    Resource resource = fileService.loadFileAsResource(fileName);
    String contentType = null;
    try {
      contentType = request.getServletContext().getMimeType(resource.getFile().getAbsolutePath());
    } catch (IOException e) {
      logger.error("无法获取文件类型", e);
    }
    if (contentType == null) {
      contentType = "application/octet-stream";
    }
    return ResponseEntity.ok()
        .contentType(MediaType.parseMediaType(contentType))
        .header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "attachment; filename=\"" + resource.getFilename() + "\"")
        .body(resource);
  }
}

@Service
public class FileServiceImpl implements FileService {
  private final Path filePath;
  @Autowired
  public FileServiceImpl(FileProperties fileProperties) {
    filePath = Paths.get(fileProperties.getDocDir()).toAbsolutePath().normalize();
  }
  @Override
  public Resource loadFileAsResource(String fileName) {
    Path path = filePath.resolve(fileName).normalize();
    try {
      UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(path.toUri());
      if (resource.exists()) {
        return resource;
      }
      throw new FileException("file " + fileName + " not found");
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      throw new FileException("file " + fileName + " not found", e);
    }
  }
}

public class FileException extends RuntimeException {
  public FileException(String message) {
    super(message);
  }
  public FileException(String message, Throwable cause) {
    super(message, cause);
  }
}

<a href="/file/download/readme.pdf" rel="external nofollow" download>下载使用手册</a>