SpringBoot集成SpringSecurity和JWT做登陆鉴权的实现
废话
目前流行的前后端分离让Java程序员可以更加专注的做好后台业务逻辑的功能实现,提供如返回Json格式的数据接口就可以。SpringBoot的易用性和对其他框架的高度集成,用来快速开发一个小型应用是最佳的选择。
一套前后端分离的后台项目,刚开始就要面对的就是登陆和授权的问题。这里提供一套方案供大家参考。
主要看点:
- 登陆后获取token,根据token来请求资源
- 根据用户角色来确定对资源的访问权限
- 统一异常处理
- 返回标准的Json格式数据
正文
首先是pom文件:
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <!--这是不是必须,只是我引用了里面一些类的方法--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-solr</artifactId> </dependency> <!--这是不是必须,只是我引用了里面一些类的方法--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>2.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>2.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId> <version>1.0.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>0.9.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
application.yml:
spring : datasource : url : jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/les_data_center?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true&useAffectedRows=true&useSSL=false username : root password : 123456 driverClassName : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jackson: data-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss time-zone: GMT+8 mybatis : config-location : classpath:/mybatis-config.xml # JWT jwt: header: Authorization secret: mySecret #token有效期一天 expiration: 86400 tokenHead: "Bearer "
接着是对security的配置,让security来保护我们的API
SpringBoot推荐使用配置类来代替xml配置。那这里,我也使用配置类的方式。
@Configuration @EnableWebSecurity @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true) public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { private final JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint unauthorizedHandler; private final AccessDeniedHandler accessDeniedHandler; private final UserDetailsService CustomUserDetailsService; private final JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter authenticationTokenFilter; @Autowired public WebSecurityConfig(JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint unauthorizedHandler, @Qualifier("RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler") AccessDeniedHandler accessDeniedHandler, @Qualifier("CustomUserDetailsService") UserDetailsService CustomUserDetailsService, JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter authenticationTokenFilter) { this.unauthorizedHandler = unauthorizedHandler; this.accessDeniedHandler = accessDeniedHandler; this.CustomUserDetailsService = CustomUserDetailsService; this.authenticationTokenFilter = authenticationTokenFilter; } @Autowired public void configureAuthentication(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception { authenticationManagerBuilder // 设置UserDetailsService .userDetailsService(this.CustomUserDetailsService) // 使用BCrypt进行密码的hash .passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder()); } // 装载BCrypt密码编码器 @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception { httpSecurity .exceptionHandling().accessDeniedHandler(accessDeniedHandler).and() // 由于使用的是JWT,我们这里不需要csrf .csrf().disable() .exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(unauthorizedHandler).and() // 基于token,所以不需要session .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS).and() .authorizeRequests() // 对于获取token的rest api要允许匿名访问 .antMatchers("/api/v1/auth", "/api/v1/signout", "/error/**", "/api/**").permitAll() // 除上面外的所有请求全部需要鉴权认证 .anyRequest().authenticated(); // 禁用缓存 httpSecurity.headers().cacheControl(); // 添加JWT filter httpSecurity .addFilterBefore(authenticationTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class); } @Override public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception { web.ignoring().antMatchers("/v2/api-docs", "/swagger-resources/configuration/ui", "/swagger-resources", "/swagger-resources/configuration/security", "/swagger-ui.html" ); } @Bean @Override public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception { return super.authenticationManagerBean(); } }
该类中配置了几个bean来供security使用。
- JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter:token过滤器来验证token有效性
- UserDetailsService:实现了DetailsService接口,用来做登陆验证
- JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint :认证失败处理类
- RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler: 权限不足处理类
那么,接下来一个一个实现这些类:
/** * token校验,引用的stackoverflow一个答案里的处理方式 * Author: JoeTao * createAt: 2018/9/14 */ @Component public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter { @Value("${jwt.header}") private String token_header; @Resource private JWTUtils jwtUtils; @Override protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException { String auth_token = request.getHeader(this.token_header); final String auth_token_start = "Bearer "; if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(auth_token) && auth_token.startsWith(auth_token_start)) { auth_token = auth_token.substring(auth_token_start.length()); } else { // 不按规范,不允许通过验证 auth_token = null; } String username = jwtUtils.getUsernameFromToken(auth_token); logger.info(String.format("Checking authentication for user %s.", username)); if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) { User user = jwtUtils.getUserFromToken(auth_token); if (jwtUtils.validateToken(auth_token, user)) { UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(user, null, user.getAuthorities()); authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request)); logger.info(String.format("Authenticated user %s, setting security context", username)); SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication); } } chain.doFilter(request, response); } }
/** * 认证失败处理类,返回401 * Author: JoeTao * createAt: 2018/9/20 */ @Component public class JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint, Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = -8970718410437077606L; @Override public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException { //验证为未登陆状态会进入此方法,认证错误 System.out.println("认证失败:" + authException.getMessage()); response.setStatus(200); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter(); String body = ResultJson.failure(ResultCode.UNAUTHORIZED, authException.getMessage()).toString(); printWriter.write(body); printWriter.flush(); } }
因为我们使用的REST API,所以我们认为到达后台的请求都是正常的,所以返回的HTTP状态码都是200,用接口返回的code来确定请求是否正常。
/** * 权限不足处理类,返回403 * Author: JoeTao * createAt: 2018/9/21 */ @Component("RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler") public class RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler { @Override public void handle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException { //登陆状态下,权限不足执行该方法 System.out.println("权限不足:" + e.getMessage()); response.setStatus(200); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter(); String body = ResultJson.failure(ResultCode.FORBIDDEN, e.getMessage()).toString(); printWriter.write(body); printWriter.flush(); } }
/** * 登陆身份认证 * Author: JoeTao * createAt: 2018/9/14 */ @Component(value="CustomUserDetailsService") public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService { private final AuthMapper authMapper; public CustomUserDetailsService(AuthMapper authMapper) { this.authMapper = authMapper; } @Override public User loadUserByUsername(String name) throws UsernameNotFoundException { User user = authMapper.findByUsername(name); if (user == null) { throw new UsernameNotFoundException(String.format("No user found with username '%s'.", name)); } Role role = authMapper.findRoleByUserId(user.getId()); user.setRole(role); return user; } }
登陆逻辑:
public ResponseUserToken login(String username, String password) { //用户验证 final Authentication authentication = authenticate(username, password); //存储认证信息 SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication); //生成token final User user = (User) authentication.getPrincipal(); // User user = (User) userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username); final String token = jwtTokenUtil.generateAccessToken(user); //存储token jwtTokenUtil.putToken(username, token); return new ResponseUserToken(token, user); } private Authentication authenticate(String username, String password) { try { //该方法会去调用userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername()去验证用户名和密码,如果正确,则存储该用户名密码到“security 的 context中” return authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password)); } catch (DisabledException | BadCredentialsException e) { throw new CustomException(ResultJson.failure(ResultCode.LOGIN_ERROR, e.getMessage())); } }
自定义异常:
@Getter public class CustomException extends RuntimeException{ private ResultJson resultJson; public CustomException(ResultJson resultJson) { this.resultJson = resultJson; } }
统一异常处理:
/** * 异常处理类 * controller层异常无法捕获处理,需要自己处理 * Created by jt on 2018/8/27. */ @RestControllerAdvice @Slf4j public class DefaultExceptionHandler { /** * 处理所有自定义异常 * @param e * @return */ @ExceptionHandler(CustomException.class) public ResultJson handleCustomException(CustomException e){ log.error(e.getResultJson().getMsg().toString()); return e.getResultJson(); } }
所有经controller转发的请求抛出的自定义异常都会被捕获处理,一般情况下就是返回给调用方一个json的报错信息,包含自定义状态码、错误信息及补充描述信息。
值得注意的是,在请求到达controller之前,会被Filter拦截,如果在controller或者之前抛出的异常,自定义的异常处理器是无法处理的,需要自己重新定义一个全局异常处理器或者直接处理。
Filter拦截请求两次的问题
跨域的post的请求会验证两次,get不会。网上的解释是,post请求第一次是预检请求,Request Method: OPTIONS。
解决方法:
在webSecurityConfig里添加
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
就可以不拦截options请求了。
这里只给出了最主要的代码,还有controller层的访问权限设置,返回状态码,返回类定义等等。
所有代码已上传GitHub,项目地址
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