使用@SpringBootTest注解进行单元测试

<properties>
  <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
 </properties>

 <parent>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
 </parent>

 <dependencies>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  </dependency>
 </dependencies>

 <build>
  <plugins>
   <plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
   </plugin>
  </plugins>
 </build>

@SpringBootApplication
public class StartUpApplication {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  SpringApplication.run(StartUpApplication.class, args);
 }
}

@RestController
public class HelloController {

 @RequestMapping("/")
 public String index() {
  return "Hello Spring Boot,Index!";
 }

 @RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 public String test() {
  return "Spring Boot Test Demo!";
 }
}

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = StartUpApplication.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class HelloControllerTest {

 /**
  * @LocalServerPort 提供了 @Value("${local.server.port}") 的代替
  */
 @LocalServerPort
 private int port;

 private URL base;

 @Autowired
 private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

 @Before
 public void setUp() throws Exception {
  String url = String.format("http://localhost:%d/", port);
  System.out.println(String.format("port is : [%d]", port));
  this.base = new URL(url);
 }

 /**
  * 向"/test"地址发送请求，并打印返回结果
  * @throws Exception
  */
 @Test
 public void test1() throws Exception {

  ResponseEntity<String> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
    this.base.toString() + "/test", String.class, "");
  System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody()));
 }