java返回集合为null还是空集合及空集合的三种写法小结

public static final List EMPTY_LIST = new EmptyList<>(); 

private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}

private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
}
}

/**
* The empty list (immutable). This list is serializable.
*
* @see #emptyList()
*/
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
public static final List EMPTY_LIST = new EmptyList<>();
/**
* Returns an empty list (immutable). This list is serializable.
*
* <p>This example illustrates the type-safe way to obtain an empty list:
* <pre>
* List<String> s = Collections.emptyList();
* </pre>
*
* @implNote
* Implementations of this method need not create a separate <tt>List</tt>
* object for each call. Using this method is likely to have comparable
* cost to using the like-named field. (Unlike this method, the field does
* not provide type safety.)
*
* @param <T> type of elements, if there were any, in the list
* @return an empty immutable list
*
* @see #EMPTY_LIST
* @since 1.5
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static final <T> List<T> emptyList() {
return (List<T>) EMPTY_LIST;
}
/**
* @serial include
*/
private static class EmptyList<E>
extends AbstractList<E>
implements RandomAccess, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8842843931221139166L;
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return emptyIterator();
}
public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
return emptyListIterator();
}
public int size() {return 0;}
public boolean isEmpty() {return true;}
public boolean contains(Object obj) {return false;}
public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) { return c.isEmpty(); }
public Object[] toArray() { return new Object[0]; }
public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
if (a.length > 0)
a[0] = null;
return a;
}
public E get(int index) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index);
}
public boolean equals(Object o) {
return (o instanceof List) && ((List<?>)o).isEmpty();
}
public int hashCode() { return 1; }
@Override
public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
Objects.requireNonNull(filter);
return false;
}
@Override
public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
Objects.requireNonNull(operator);
}
@Override
public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
}
// Override default methods in Collection
@Override
public void forEach(Consumer<? super E> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
}
@Override
public Spliterator<E> spliterator() { return Spliterators.emptySpliterator(); }
// Preserves singleton property
private Object readResolve() {
return EMPTY_LIST;
}
}