Spring MVC中的Controller进行单元测试的实现

<!-- Spring框架 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
!<-- Spring测试框架 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 文件操作工具 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
    <version>2.11.0</version>
</dependency>

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.SharedHttpSessionConfigurer.*;

@SpringBootTest
public class TestControllerTest {

    MockMvc mockMvc;

    // 初始化MockMvc
    @BeforeEach
    void setUp(WebApplicationContext wac) {
        // 方式1：明确指定需要测试的“Controller”类
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new TestController()).build();

        // 方式2：基于Spring容器进行配置，包含了Spring MVC环境和所有“Controller”类。
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }
}

// 全局配置MockMvc
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac)
        .defaultRequest(get("/").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) // 默认请求路径
        .apply(sharedHttpSession()) // 配置session
        .alwaysExpect(status().isOk()) // 预期响应状态码
        .alwaysExpect(content().contentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")) // 预期内容类型
        .build();

// 访问GET接口：不带参数
@Test
public void testSimpleGet() throws Exception {
    MvcResult result = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/test/simple/get")
            .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) // 接受JSON格式响应消息
            .andReturn(); // 获取返回结果
    Assertions.assertEquals("OK", result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}

// 访问GET接口：带URL参数
@Test
public void testParamGet() throws Exception {
    int id = 10;
    // 方式1：在URI模板中指定参数
    //MvcResult result = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/test/param/get?id={id}", id).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andReturn();

    // 方式2：通过param()方法指定参数
    //MvcResult result = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/test/param/get").param("id", String.valueOf(id)).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andReturn();

    // 方式3：通过queryParam()方法指定参数
    MvcResult result = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/test/param/get").queryParam("id", String.valueOf(id)).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andReturn();
    Assertions.assertEquals("OK: " + id, result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}

// 传递表单参数
@Test
public void testSimplePost() throws Exception {
    int id = 10;

    // 调用param()方法传递参数
    MvcResult result = this.mockMvc.perform(post("/test/simple/post")
            .param("id", String.valueOf(id))
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)
            .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
            .andReturn();
    Assertions.assertEquals("{\"id\":10}", result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}

// 传递JSON参数
@Test
public void testSimplePostJson() throws Exception {
    // 调用content()方法传递json字符串参数
    Subject subject = new Subject();
    subject.setId(10);
    String content = JSON.toJSONString(subject);
    MvcResult result = this.mockMvc.perform(post("/test/simple/post/json")
            .content(content)
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
            .andReturn();
    Assertions.assertEquals("{\"id\":10}", result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}

@Test
public void testFileUploadSingle() throws Exception {
    File file = new File("C:\\Users\\xxx\\Downloads\\test.jpg");
    String fileName = FilenameUtils.getName(file.getName());
    byte[] bytes = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file);
    MockMultipartFile mockMultipartFile = new MockMultipartFile("file", fileName, MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE, bytes);
    this.mockMvc.perform(multipart("/test/upload/single").file(mockMultipartFile))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string("OK"))
                .andDo(print());
}

// 使用Junit断言工具判断返回结果是否符合预期
@Test
public void testAssertResult() throws Exception {
    MvcResult result = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/test/simple/get").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andDo(print()).andReturn();
    Assert.assertEquals("OK", result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}

// 在MockMvc框架中定义预期结果
@Test
public void testExpectations() throws Exception {
    this.mockMvc.perform(get("/test/simple/get").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())        // 预期响应状态码为200
            .andExpect(content().string("OK")) // 预期返回值为字符串“OK”
            .andDo(print());
}