C++深入探究引用的本质与意义

#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int* a, int* b)
{
	int t = *a;
	*a = *b;
	*b = t;
}
int main()
{
	int a = 1;
	int b = 2;
	swap(&a, &b);
	printf("a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);
	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int& a, int& b)
{
	int t = a;
	a = b;
	b = t;
}
int main()
{
	int a = 1;
	int b = 2;
	swap(a, b);
	printf("a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);
	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
void Example()
{
    printf("Example:\n");
    int a = 4;
    const int& b = a;
    int* p = (int*)&b;
    //b = 5;
    *p = 5;
    printf("a = %d\n", a);
    printf("b = %d\n", b);
}
void Demo()
{
    printf("Demo:\n");
    const int& c = 1;
    int* p = (int*)&c;
    //c = 5;
    *p = 5;
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    Example();
    printf("\n");
    Demo();
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
struct TRef
{
    char& r;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{ 
    char c = 'c';
    char& rc = c;
    TRef ref = { c };
    printf("sizeof(char&) = %d\n", sizeof(char&));	//char类型占用一个字节 1
    printf("sizeof(rc) = %d\n", sizeof(rc));	//sizeof(c) => 1
    printf("sizeof(TRef) = %d\n", sizeof(TRef));	//？
    printf("sizeof(ref.r) = %d\n", sizeof(ref.r));	//sizeof(c) => 1
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
struct TRef
{
    char* before;
    char& ref;
    char* after;
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    char a = 'a';
    char& b = a;
    char c = 'c';
    TRef r = {&a, b, &c};
    printf("sizeof(r) = %d\n", sizeof(r));
    printf("sizeof(r.before) = %d\n", sizeof(r.before));
    printf("sizeof(r.after) = %d\n", sizeof(r.after));
    printf("&r.before = %p\n", &r.before);
    printf("&r.after = %p\n", &r.after);
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
int& demo()    //从内部实现来看，想返回一个指针 int* const
{
    int d = 0;
    printf("demo: d = %d\n", d);
    return d; //本质上，相当于 return &d
}
int& func()
{
    static int s = 0;
    printf("func: s = %d\n", s);
    return s;    //本质上，相当于 return &s
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    int& rd = demo();
    int& rs = func();
    printf("\n");
    printf("main: rd = %d\n", rd);
    printf("main: rs = %d\n", rs);
    printf("\n");
    rd = 10;
    rs = 11;
    demo();
    func();
    printf("\n");
    printf("main: rd = %d\n", rd);
    printf("main: rs = %d\n", rs);
    printf("\n");
    return 0;
}