Java @Autowired注解底层原理详细分析

package org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target({ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Autowired {
    boolean required() default true;
}

private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(final Class<?> clazz) {
  LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new LinkedList<>();
  Class<?> targetClass = clazz;//需要处理的目标类
  do {
   final LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements = new LinkedList<>();
            /*通过反射获取该类所有的字段，并遍历每一个字段，并通过方法findAutowiredAnnotation遍历每一个字段的所用注解，并如果用autowired修饰了，则返回auotowired相关属性*/  
   ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, field -> {
    AnnotationAttributes ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
    if (ann != null) {//校验autowired注解是否用在了static方法上
     if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
      if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
       logger.warn("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
      }
      return;
     }//判断是否指定了required
     boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
     currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
    }
   });
            //和上面一样的逻辑，但是是通过反射处理类的method
   ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
    Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
    if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
     return;
    }
    AnnotationAttributes ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod);
    if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
     if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
      if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
       logger.warn("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
      }
      return;
     }
     if (method.getParameterCount() == 0) {
      if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
       logger.warn("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: " +
         method);
      }
     }
     boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
     PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
                   currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
    }
   });
    //用@Autowired修饰的注解可能不止一个，因此都加在currElements这个容器里面，一起处理  
   elements.addAll(0, currElements);
   targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
  }
  while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);
  return new InjectionMetadata(clazz, elements);
 }

public InjectionMetadata(Class<?> targetClass, Collection<InjectedElement> elements) {
  this.targetClass = targetClass;
  this.injectedElements = elements;
 }

@Override
public PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(
  PropertyValues pvs, PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName) throws BeanCreationException {
 
 InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
 try {
  metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
 }
 catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
  throw ex;
 }
 catch (Throwable ex) {
  throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
 }
 return pvs;
}

public void inject(Object target, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
  Collection<InjectedElement> checkedElements = this.checkedElements;
  Collection<InjectedElement> elementsToIterate =
    (checkedElements != null ? checkedElements : this.injectedElements);
  if (!elementsToIterate.isEmpty()) {
   for (InjectedElement element : elementsToIterate) {
    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
     logger.trace("Processing injected element of bean '" + beanName + "': " + element);
    }
    element.inject(target, beanName, pvs);
   }
  }
 }

protected void inject(Object target, @Nullable String requestingBeanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs)
  throws Throwable {
 if (this.isField) {
  Field field = (Field) this.member;
  ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
  field.set(target, getResourceToInject(target, requestingBeanName));
 }
 else {
  if (checkPropertySkipping(pvs)) {
   return;
  }
  try {
   Method method = (Method) this.member;
   ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
   method.invoke(target, getResourceToInject(target, requestingBeanName));
  }
  catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
   throw ex.getTargetException();
  }
 }
}