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Java SpringBoot @Async实现异步任务的流程分析

 更新时间：2022年12月27日 11:06:48   作者：彭世瑜  
这篇文章主要介绍了Java SpringBoot @Async实现异步任务,主要包括@Async 异步任务-无返回值，@Async 异步任务-有返回值，@Async + 自定义线程池的操作代码，需要的朋友可以参考下

依赖pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.7.7</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>demo</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
	
	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>
	
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<excludes>
						<exclude>
							<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
							<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
						</exclude>
					</excludes>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

1、同步任务

应用启动类

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
	}

}

同步任务，耗时2秒

package com.example.demo.service;


import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
    /**
     * 同步任务
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public void syncTask() throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
        System.out.println("syncTask");
    }
}

控制器

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
    @Autowired
    private TaskService taskService;

    @GetMapping("/syncTask")
    public String syncTask() throws InterruptedException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        taskService.syncTask();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        log.info("time: {}", end - start);

        return "success";
    }
}

请求接口：等待2秒后返回

GET http://localhost:8080/task/syncTask
Accept: application/json·

2、@Async 异步任务-无返回值

启动类需要加上注解：@EnableAsync

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
	}

}

异步任务

package com.example.demo.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
    /**
     * 异步任务
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    @Async
    public void asyncTask() throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
        System.out.println("asyncTask");
    }
}

控制器

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
    @Autowired
    private TaskService taskService;

    @GetMapping("/asyncTask")
    public String asyncTask() throws InterruptedException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        taskService.asyncTask();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        log.info("time: {}", end - start);

        return "success";

    }
}

请求接口：无等待，直接返回

GET http://localhost:8080/task/asyncTask
Accept: application/json

3、@Async 异步任务-有返回值

异步任务

package com.example.demo.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
   /**
    * 异步任务, 有返回值
    * @throws InterruptedException
    */
   @Async
   public Future<String> asyncTaskFuture() throws InterruptedException {
       Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
       System.out.println("asyncTaskFuture");

       return new AsyncResult<>("asyncTaskFuture");
   }
}

控制器

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
    @Autowired
    private TaskService taskService;

    @GetMapping("/asyncTaskFuture")
    public String asyncTaskFuture() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        Future<String> future = taskService.asyncTaskFuture();

        // 线程等待结果返回
        String result = future.get();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        log.info("time: {}", end - start);

        return result;
    }
}

请求接口：等待2秒后返回

GET http://localhost:8080/task/asyncTaskFuture
Accept: application/json

4、@Async + 自定义线程池

package com.example.demo.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

/**
 * 自定义线程池
 */
@Configuration
public class ExecutorAsyncConfig {

    @Bean(name = "newAsyncExecutor")
    public Executor newAsync() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();

        // 设置核心线程数
        taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(10);
        // 线程池维护线程的最大数量，只有在缓冲队列满了以后才会申请超过核心线程数的线程
        taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(100);
        // 缓存队列
        taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(50);
        // 允许的空闲时间，当超过了核心线程数之外的线程在空闲时间到达之后会被销毁
        taskExecutor.setKeepAliveSeconds(200);
        // 异步方法内部线程名称
        taskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix("my-xiaoxiao-AsyncExecutor-");
        // 拒绝策略
        taskExecutor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        taskExecutor.initialize();

        return taskExecutor;
    }
}

异步任务

package com.example.demo.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class TaskService {
   /**
    * 自定义线程池 执行异步任务
    * @throws InterruptedException
    */
   @Async("newAsyncExecutor")
   public void asyncTaskNewAsync() throws InterruptedException {
       Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);

       System.out.println("asyncTaskNewAsync");

   }
}

控制器

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {
    @Autowired
    private TaskService taskService;

    @GetMapping("/asyncTaskNewAsync")
    public String asyncTaskNewAsync() throws InterruptedException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        taskService.asyncTaskNewAsync();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        log.info("time: {}", end - start);

        return "success";
    }
}

请求接口：无等待，直接返回

GET http://localhost:8080/task/asyncTaskNewAsync
Accept: application/json

5、CompletableFuture 实现异步任务

不需要在启动类上加@EnableAsync 注解，也不需要在方法上加@Async 注解

控制器

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.TaskService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
@Slf4j
public class TaskController {

    @GetMapping("/completableFuture")
    public String completableFuture(){
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        // CompletableFuture实现异步任务
        CompletableFuture<Void> result = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {

            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.println("CompletableFuture");
        });

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        log.info("time: {}", end - start);

        return "success";
    }

}

参考
SpringBoot使用@Async的总结！

到此这篇关于Java SpringBoot @Async实现异步任务的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关SpringBoot @Async异步任务内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！

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