详解C++编程中的嵌套类的声明与其中的函数使用

// nested_class_declarations.cpp
class BufferedIO
{
public:
  enum IOError { None, Access, General };

  // Declare nested class BufferedInput.
  class BufferedInput
  {
  public:
   int read();
   int good()
   {
     return _inputerror == None;
   }
  private:
    IOError _inputerror;
  };

  // Declare nested class BufferedOutput.
  class BufferedOutput
  {
   // Member list
  };
};

int main()
{
}

// nested_class_declarations_2.cpp
class C
{
public:
  typedef class U u_t; // class U visible outside class C scope
  typedef class V {} v_t; // class V not visible outside class C
};

int main()
{
  // okay, forward declaration used above so file scope is used
  U* pu;

  // error, type name only exists in class C scope
  u_t* pu2; // C2065

  // error, class defined above so class C scope
  V* pv; // C2065

  // okay, fully qualified name
  C::V* pv2;
}

// member_functions_in_nested_classes.cpp
class BufferedIO
{
public:
  enum IOError { None, Access, General };
  class BufferedInput
  {
  public:
    int read(); // Declare but do not define member
    int good(); // functions read and good.
  private:
    IOError _inputerror;
  };

  class BufferedOutput
  {
    // Member list.
  };
};
// Define member functions read and good in
// file scope.
int BufferedIO::BufferedInput::read()
{
  return(1);
}

int BufferedIO::BufferedInput::good()
{
  return _inputerror == None;
}
int main()
{
}

BufferedIO::BufferedInput::read()

typedef BufferedIO::BufferedInput BIO_INPUT;

int BIO_INPUT::read()

// friend_functions_and_nested_classes.cpp

#include <string.h>

enum
{
  sizeOfMessage = 255
};

char *rgszMessage[sizeOfMessage];

class BufferedIO
{
public:
  class BufferedInput
  {
  public:
    friend int GetExtendedErrorStatus();
    static char *message;
    static int messageSize;
    int iMsgNo;
  };
};

char *BufferedIO::BufferedInput::message;
int BufferedIO::BufferedInput::messageSize;

int GetExtendedErrorStatus()
{
  int iMsgNo = 1; // assign arbitrary value as message number

  strcpy_s( BufferedIO::BufferedInput::message,
       BufferedIO::BufferedInput::messageSize,
       rgszMessage[iMsgNo] );

  return iMsgNo;
}

int main()
{
}

int GetExtendedErrorStatus( char *message )