Vue3路由进阶实战教程之参数传递与导航守卫核心技术

// router/index.js
{
  path: '/user/:userId(\\d+)', // 使用正则表达式限制只匹配数字
  name: 'UserDetail',
  component: () => import('../views/UserDetail.vue'),
  props: true // 启用props传参模式
}

<!-- UserDetail.vue -->
<script setup>
// 方式1：通过useRoute获取
const route = useRoute()
console.log(route.params.userId)
// 方式2：通过props接收（推荐）
const props = defineProps({
  userId: {
    type: [String, Number],
    required: true
  }
})
// 方式3：watch参数变化
watch(() => route.params.userId, (newVal) => {
  // 处理参数变化逻辑
})
</script>

// 编程式导航
router.push({
  path: '/search',
  query: {
    keywords: 'vue3',
    filters: {
      sort: 'latest',
      page: 2
    }
  }
});

// 路由配置
{
  path: '/search',
  name: 'Search',
  component: SearchView,
  props: (route) => ({
    keywords: route.query.keywords,
    filters: JSON.parse(route.query.filters)
  })
}

// 使用encodeURIComponent处理特殊字符
const searchParams = {
  q: encodeURIComponent('vue3+router'),
  page: 1
}
router.push({ path: '/search', query: searchParams })

// 处理数字类型参数
const page = Number(route.query.page) || 1
const minPrice = parseFloat(route.query.minPrice) ?? 0
// 日期参数处理
const startDate = route.query.startDate 
  ? new Date(route.query.startDate)
  : new Date()

// 全局前置守卫进阶版
router.beforeEach(async (to, from) => {
  const requiresAuth = to.matched.some(record => record.meta.requiresAuth)
  const userStore = useUserStore()
  // 已登录用户访问登录页重定向
  if (to.name === 'Login' && userStore.isAuthenticated) {
    return { name: 'Home' }
  }
  // 需要认证的路由处理
  if (requiresAuth && !userStore.isAuthenticated) {
    userStore.returnUrl = to.fullPath
    return { name: 'Login' }
  }
  // 动态权限校验
  if (to.meta.permissions) {
    const hasPermission = await checkPermissions(to.meta.permissions)
    if (!hasPermission) return { name: 'Forbidden' }
  }
})

{
  path: '/dashboard',
  component: Dashboard,
  beforeEnter: (to) => {
    const requiredRole = to.meta.role;
    const userRole = useAuthStore().user.role;
    if (requiredRole && !requiredRole.includes(userRole)) {
      return '/403';
    }
  }
}

<script setup>
// 离开守卫的异步处理
onBeforeRouteLeave(async (to, from, next) => {
  if (formDataChanged.value) {
    try {
      await saveDraft()
      next()
    } catch (error) {
      next(false)
      showError('自动保存失败，请手动保存')
    }
  } else {
    next()
  }
})
// 参数变化处理
onBeforeRouteUpdate(async (to) => {
  await loadUserData(to.params.userId)
  window.scrollTo(0, 0)
})
</script>

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/about',
    component: () => import('../views/AboutView.vue')
  }
];

{
  path: '/admin',
  component: AdminPanel,
  meta: {
    requiresAuth: true,
    role: ['admin', 'superuser'],
    keepAlive: true  // 控制页面缓存
  }
}

router.onError((error, to) => {
  if (error.message.includes('Failed to fetch')) {
    router.push({ name: 'NetworkError', query: { path: to.fullPath } });
  }
});

// 在全局守卫中添加终止条件
router.beforeEach((to, from) => {
  if (to.name === 'Login' && from.name === 'Login') {
    return false // 终止导航循环
  }
})