C++面试八股文之static_cast你了解吗

#include <iostream>
struct Base
{
    virtual void fun() {}
};
struct Derived : public Base
{
    virtual void fun() override {}
};
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    Base* b1 = new Base;
    Base* b2 = new Derived;
    Derived* d1 = dynamic_cast<Derived*>(b1);	//d1 == nullptr
    Derived* d2 = dynamic_cast<Derived*>(b2);	//d2 != nullptr
}

#include <iostream>
void function(const int& val)
{
    int& v = const_cast<int&>(val);
    v = 42;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int val = 1024;
    function(val);
    std::cout << val << std::endl;	//val == 42
}
//-----------------------------------------------
#include <iostream>
static constexpr int val_static = 1024;
void function(const int& val)
{
    int& v = const_cast<int&>(val);
    v = 42;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    function(val_static);
    std::cout << val_static << std::endl;
}
// Segmentation fault

#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int i = 42;
    double d = 42.0;
    long* l1 = reinterpret_cast<long*>(&i);
    long* l2 = reinterpret_cast<long*>(&d);
    std::cout << *l1 << std::endl;	//*i1 == 42
    std::cout << *l2 << std::endl;	//*i2 == 4631107791820423168 X86_64 GCC 11.3 
}

struct Foo
{
    Foo(int i):val_(i){}
    int val_;
};
struct Goo
{
    explicit Goo(int i):val_(i){}
    int val_;
};
void function1(Foo f){}
void function2(Goo g){}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    Foo f = 1024;	//编译通过，可以把int类型转换成Foo
    Goo g = 1024;   //编译失败，不能把int类型转换成Goo
    function1(42);  //编译通过，可以把int类型转换成Foo
    function2(42);  //编译失败，不能把int类型转换成Goo
}

#include <iostream>
struct Foo
{
    Foo(double d):val_(d){}
    double val_;
    explicit operator int(){
        return static_cast<int>(val_);
    }
};
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    Foo f(42.5);
    int i = static_cast<int>(f);
    std::cout << i << std::endl;	//i == 42
}