SpringBoot全局异常处理之解决404/500错误

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
     
    // 捕获 PathVariable 参数类型不匹配或格式错误的异常，并返回错误信息
    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentTypeMismatchException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> handleMethodArgumentTypeMismatchException(MethodArgumentTypeMismatchException ex) {
        return createErrorResponse(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value(), "请求参数有误: " + ex.getMessage());
    }
 
    // 捕获其他未处理的异常，并返回错误信息
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> handleUncaughtException(Exception ex) {
        return createErrorResponse(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), "系统内部错误: " + ex.getMessage());
    }
 
    // 创建包含错误码和错误消息的 Map 对象
    private Map<String, Object> createErrorResponse(int code, String message) {
        Map<String, Object> errorResponse = new HashMap<>();
        errorResponse.put("code", code);
        errorResponse.put("message", message);
        return errorResponse;
    }
}

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    
    /**
     * 处理 HTTP 404 错误
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(NoHandlerFoundException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
    @ResponseBody
    public ApiError handleNotFound(HttpServletRequest req, Exception ex) {
        return new ApiError(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.value(), "无该资源: " + req.getRequestURI());
    }
 
    /**
     * 处理 HTTP 500 错误
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
    @ResponseBody
    public ApiError handleInternalServerError(HttpServletRequest req, Exception ex) {
        return new ApiError(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), "服务器内部错误: " + ex.getMessage());
    }
 
    /**
     * 处理用户登录异常
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(UserLoginException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED)
    @ResponseBody
    public ApiError handleUserLoginException(HttpServletRequest req, UserLoginException ex) {
        return new ApiError(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value(), "用户登录失败: " + ex.getMessage());
    }
 
    /**
     * 处理其他所有未处理的异常
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(Throwable.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
    @ResponseBody
    public ApiError handleOtherExceptions(HttpServletRequest req, Throwable ex) {
        return new ApiError(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), "系统内部错误: " + ex.getMessage());
    }
}

@RestController
public class UserController {
    
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    
    @PostMapping("/login")
    public String login(@RequestBody LoginForm form) {
        // 验证用户名和密码
        if (!userService.validate(form.getUsername(), form.getPassword())) {
            // 用户不存在或密码错误，抛出 UserLoginException 异常
            throw new UserLoginException("用户名或密码不正确");
        }
         
        // 登录成功，返回 token 或用户信息
        // ......
    }
}