C#实现监听串口数据的方法详解

using System.IO.Ports;

SerialPort mySerialPort = new SerialPort("COM1");

mySerialPort.BaudRate = 9600;
mySerialPort.Parity = Parity.None;
mySerialPort.StopBits = StopBits.One;
mySerialPort.DataBits = 8;
mySerialPort.Handshake = Handshake.None;

// 设置读写时间超时
mySerialPort.ReadTimeout = 500;
mySerialPort.WriteTimeout = 500;

mySerialPort.Open();

mySerialPort.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(DataReceivedHandler);

private static void DataReceivedHandler(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
    SerialPort sp = (SerialPort)sender;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[sp.BytesToRead];
    sp.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

    // TODO: 这里添加你的数据处理和格式转换逻辑
    string formattedData = ConvertToDesiredFormat(buffer);

    // 处理转换后的数据
    ProcessData(formattedData);
}

private static string ConvertToDesiredFormat(byte[] data)
{
    // 举例：将字节数据转换为ASCII字符串
    return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data);
    // 注意：如果数据是特定协议格式，你需要根据协议解析并转换数据
}

mySerialPort.Close();

using System.IO.Ports;
namespace SerialTest
{
  public class SerialTest
  {
       #region 串口监听
    
        private SerialPort serialPort = null;
        /// <summary>
        /// 开启串口监听
        /// </summary>
        private void StartSerialPortMonitor()
        {
            List<string> comList = GetComlist(false); //首先获取本机关联的串行端口列表            
　　　　　　　if (comList.Count == 0)
            {
                DialogForm.Show("提示信息", "当前设备不存在串行端口！");
                System.Environment.Exit(0); //彻底退出应用程序   
            }
            else
            {
                string targetCOMPort = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["COMPort"].ToString();
                //判断串口列表中是否存在目标串行端口
                if (!comList.Contains(targetCOMPort))
                {
                    DialogForm.Show("提示信息", "当前设备不存在配置的串行端口！");
                    System.Environment.Exit(0); //彻底退出应用程序   
                }

                serialPort = new SerialPort();

                //设置参数
                serialPort.PortName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["COMPort"].ToString(); //通信端口
                serialPort.BaudRate = Int32.Parse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["BaudRate"].ToString()); //串行波特率
                serialPort.DataBits = 8; //每个字节的标准数据位长度
                serialPort.StopBits = StopBits.One; //设置每个字节的标准停止位数
                serialPort.Parity = Parity.None; //设置奇偶校验检查协议
                serialPort.ReadTimeout = 3000; //单位毫秒
                serialPort.WriteTimeout = 3000; //单位毫秒
                //串口控件成员变量，字面意思为接收字节阀值，
                //串口对象在收到这样长度的数据之后会触发事件处理函数
                //一般都设为1
                serialPort.ReceivedBytesThreshold = 1;
                serialPort.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(CommDataReceived); //设置数据接收事件（监听）

                try
                {
                    serialPort.Open(); //打开串口
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    DialogForm.Show("提示信息", "串行端口打开失败！具体原因：" + ex.Message);
                    System.Environment.Exit(0); //彻底退出应用程序   
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 串口数据处理函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        public void CommDataReceived(Object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                //Comm.BytesToRead中为要读入的字节长度
                int len = serialPort.BytesToRead;
                Byte[] readBuffer = new Byte[len];
                serialPort.Read(readBuffer, 0, len); //将数据读入缓存
                //处理readBuffer中的数据，自定义处理过程
                string msg = encoding.GetString(readBuffer, 0, len); //获取出入库产品编号
                DialogForm.Show("接收到的信息", msg);
            }
            catch(Exception ex)
            {
                DialogForm.Show("提示信息", "接收返回消息异常！具体原因：" + ex.Message);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 关闭串口
        /// </summary>
        private void Stop()
        {
            serialPort.Close();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取本机串口列表
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="isUseReg"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private List<string> GetComlist(bool isUseReg)
        {
            List<string> list = new List<string>();
            try
            {
                if (isUseReg)
                {
                    RegistryKey RootKey = Registry.LocalMachine;
                    RegistryKey Comkey = RootKey.OpenSubKey(@"HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\SERIALCOMM");

                    String[] ComNames = Comkey.GetValueNames();

                    foreach (String ComNamekey in ComNames)
                    {
                        string TemS = Comkey.GetValue(ComNamekey).ToString();
                        list.Add(TemS);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    foreach (string com in SerialPort.GetPortNames())  //自动获取串行口名称  
                        list.Add(com);
                }
            }
            catch
            {
                DialogForm.Show("提示信息", "串行端口检查异常！");
                System.Environment.Exit(0); //彻底退出应用程序   
            }
            return list;
        }  

        #endregion 串口监听
  }
}