Java中Getter和Setter方法及主要区别

class Person {
   private String name;//设置成员变量
   private int age;

   public String getName(){//返回对象的成员变量的值
    return name;
  }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    //注意！当方法的参数与成员变量名相同时，使用this来引用成员变量
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public void setAge(int age)throws Exception {//声明异常
        if (age >= 0) {
            this.age = age;
        } else {
            throw new Exception("年龄不能为负数！");//抛出异常
        }

//捕获异常
try{  //可能出现异常的代码
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("Alice");
person.setAge(25);
System.out.println("姓名：" + person.getName());
System.out.println("年龄：" + person.getAge());

}catch(Exception e){   //处理异常代码
    System.out.println(ehetMessage();
}
}

package c7_1student;

public class Student {// 定义一个类
	private String id;// 设置成员变量
	private String name;
	private String className;
	private int score1;
	private int score2;

//getter和setter的写法

public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public String getClassName() {
		return className;
	}

	public int getScore1() {
		return score1;
	}

	public int getScore2() {
		return score2;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void setClassName(String className) {
		this.className = className;
	}

	public void setScore1(int score1) throws Exception {
		if (score1 < 0 || score1 > 100) {
			throw new Exception("不在分数范围内");
		} else {
			this.score1 = score1;
		}

	}

	public void setScore2(int score2) throws Exception {
		if (score2 < 0 || score2 > 100) {
			throw new Exception("不在分数范围内");
		} else {
			this.score2 = score2;
		}

	}
    	public int sumOfScore() {// 总分数
		return score1 + score2;
	}

	public int maxOfScore() {//计算出最大值
		int max;
		if (score1 > score2) {
			max = score1;
		} else {
			max = score2;
		}
		return max;
	}
}

package c7_1student;

public class TestStudent {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
	
		try {  //有可能为异常代码
			Student stu1 = new Student();// 创建对象
			stu1.setId("202322048");
			stu1.setName("张三");
			stu1.setClassName("一年级");
			stu1.setScore1(100);
			stu1.setScore2(90);
			System.out.println("学号为" + stu1.getId());
			System.out.println("姓名为" + stu1.getName());
			System.out.println("班级为" + stu1.getClassName());
			System.out.println("第一科成绩" + stu1.getScore1());
			System.out.println("第二科成绩" + stu1.getScore2());
			System.out.println("成绩之和" + stu1.sumOfScore());
			System.out.println("最大值" + stu1.maxOfScore());
			System.out.println();
		} catch (Exception e) { //如有异常则抛出异常
			System.out.println(e.getMessage());
		}