如何在Spring Boot中实现异步处理与并发控制

package cn.juwatech.asyncdemo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class AsyncDemoApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AsyncDemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

package cn.juwatech.asyncdemo.service;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
@Service
public class AsyncService {
    @Async
    public CompletableFuture<String> asyncMethod() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000); // 模拟长时间运行的任务
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture("任务完成");
    }
}

package cn.juwatech.asyncdemo.controller;
import cn.juwatech.asyncdemo.service.AsyncService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/async")
public class AsyncController {
    @Autowired
    private AsyncService asyncService;
    @GetMapping("/task")
    public CompletableFuture<String> executeTask() {
        return asyncService.asyncMethod();
    }
}

package cn.juwatech.asyncdemo.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
@Configuration
public class AsyncConfig {
    @Bean(name = "taskExecutor")
    public Executor asyncExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5); // 核心线程池大小
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(10); // 最大线程池大小
        executor.setQueueCapacity(25); // 队列容量
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("Async-"); // 线程名称前缀
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

package cn.juwatech.asyncdemo.service;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class ScheduledService {
    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000) // 每5秒执行一次
    public void scheduledTask() {
        System.out.println("定时任务执行中...");
    }
}

package cn.juwatech.asyncdemo.service;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class ConcurrentService {
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public void process() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            // 临界区代码
            System.out.println("处理并发任务");
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"