SpringBoot整合ShedLock解决定时任务防止重复执行的问题

<dependencies>
    <!-- ShedLock核心库 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.javacrumbs.shedlock</groupId>
        <artifactId>shedlock-spring</artifactId>
        <version>6.2.0</version> <!-- 最新版本 -->
    </dependency>

    <!-- ShedLock数据库存储实现（JPA） -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.javacrumbs.shedlock</groupId>
        <artifactId>shedlock-provider-jpa</artifactId>
        <version>6.2.0</version> <!-- 最新版本 -->
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring Boot JPA 支持 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 选择合适的数据库，例如 H2 或 MySQL -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

CREATE TABLE shedlock (
    name VARCHAR(64) PRIMARY KEY,
    lock_until TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
    locked_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
    locked_by VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
);

import net.javacrumbs.shedlock.core.LockProvider;
import net.javacrumbs.shedlock.provider.jparepository.JpaLockProvider;
import net.javacrumbs.shedlock.spring.annotation.EnableSchedulerLock;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
@EnableSchedulerLock(defaultLockAtMostFor = "PT30M")  // 默认任务最长执行时间 30 分钟
@EnableJpaRepositories("net.javacrumbs.shedlock.provider.jparepository") // 启用 JPA 存储库
public class ShedLockConfig {

    @Bean
    public LockProvider lockProvider(EntityManager entityManager) {
        return new JpaLockProvider(entityManager); // 使用 JPA 实现的锁提供者
    }
}

import net.javacrumbs.shedlock.spring.annotation.SchedulerLock;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ScheduledTasks {

    // 每分钟执行一次任务，使用 ShedLock 确保任务不会被重复执行
    @Scheduled(cron = "0 * * * * ?")
    @SchedulerLock(name = "exampleTask", lockAtMostFor = "PT30S", lockAtLeastFor = "PT30S")
    public void exampleTask() {
        System.out.println("Executing example task...");
        // 任务逻辑，例如更新数据、发送通知等
    }
}

spring.scheduling.enabled=true

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class SpringBootApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBootApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@EnableSchedulerLock(defaultLockAtMostFor = "PT30M", defaultLockAtLeastFor = "PT30S")