Spring Boot使用线程池创建多线程的完整示例

更新时间：2025年03月18日 10:46:38 作者：翱翔-蓝天

在 Spring Boot 2 中,可以使用 @Autowired 注入线程池（ThreadPoolTaskExecutor 或 ExecutorService）,从而管理线程的创建和执行,以下是使用 @Autowired 方式注入线程池的完整示例,感兴趣的朋友一起看看吧

1. 通过 @Autowired 注入 ThreadPoolTaskExecutor

步骤 1：配置线程池

创建 ThreadPoolTaskExecutor 的 @Bean 配置：

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
@Configuration
public class ThreadPoolConfig {
    @Bean(name = "customTaskExecutor")
    public Executor taskExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5);  // 核心线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(10);  // 最大线程数
        executor.setQueueCapacity(25); // 任务队列容量
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("Async-Executor-"); // 线程名前缀
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

步骤 2：使用 @Autowired 注入线程池

在 Service 层，通过 @Autowired 注入 ThreadPoolTaskExecutor 并执行任务：

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@Service
public class AsyncTaskService {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncTaskService.class);
      @Autowired
    @Qualifier("customTaskExecutor") // 通过 @Qualifier 指定 Bean 名称
    private ThreadPoolTaskExecutor customTaskExecutor;
    // 提交异步任务
    public void runAsyncTask() {
        customTaskExecutor.execute(() -> {
            logger.info("异步任务执行，线程名：{}", Thread.currentThread().getName());
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000); // 模拟耗时任务
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            logger.info("异步任务完成，线程名：{}", Thread.currentThread().getName());
        });
    }
    // 提交带返回值的异步任务
    public Future<String> runAsyncTaskWithResult() {
        return customTaskExecutor.submit(() -> {
            logger.info("执行带返回值的异步任务，线程名：{}", Thread.currentThread().getName());
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            return "任务完成";
        });
    }
}

步骤 3：在 Controller 中调用

在 Controller 层，通过 @Autowired 调用 AsyncTaskService：

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
public class AsyncTaskController {
    @Autowired
    private AsyncTaskService asyncTaskService;
    @GetMapping("/run")
    public String runTask() {
        asyncTaskService.runAsyncTask();
        return "任务已提交";
    }
    @GetMapping("/runWithResult")
    public String runTaskWithResult() throws Exception {
        Future<String> result = asyncTaskService.runAsyncTaskWithResult();
        return "任务结果：" + result.get();
    }
}

2. 通过 @Autowired 注入 ThreadPoolTaskScheduler（适用于定时任务）

步骤 1：配置 ThreadPoolTaskScheduler

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler;
@Configuration
public class TaskSchedulerConfig {
    @Bean
    public ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler() {
        ThreadPoolTaskScheduler scheduler = new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler();
        scheduler.setPoolSize(5);  // 线程池大小
        scheduler.setThreadNamePrefix("Scheduled-Task-");
        scheduler.initialize();
        return scheduler;
    }
}

步骤 2：在 Service 中使用 @Autowired注入

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
@Service
public class ScheduledTaskService {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ScheduledTaskService.class);
    @Autowired
    private ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler;
    public void scheduleTask() {
        ScheduledFuture<?> future = taskScheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
            logger.info("执行定时任务，线程名：{}", Thread.currentThread().getName());
        }, 5000);
    }
}

步骤 3：在 Controller 中调用

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/schedule")
public class ScheduleTaskController {
    @Autowired
    private ScheduledTaskService scheduledTaskService;
    @GetMapping("/start")
    public String startScheduledTask() {
        scheduledTaskService.scheduleTask();
        return "定时任务已启动";
    }
}

3. 通过 @Autowired 注入 ExecutorService

如果你更喜欢 Java 原生的 ExecutorService，可以使用 @Bean 配置：

步骤 1：定义 ExecutorService 线程池

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
@Configuration
public class ExecutorServiceConfig {
    @Bean
    public ExecutorService fixedThreadPool() {
        return Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
    }
}

步骤 2：在 Service 中注入 ExecutorService

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
@Service
public class ExecutorServiceTask {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExecutorServiceTask.class);
    @Autowired
    private ExecutorService executorService;
    public void executeTask() {
        executorService.execute(() -> {
            logger.info("执行任务，线程名：{}", Thread.currentThread().getName());
        });
    }
}

步骤 3：在 Controller 中调用

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/executor")
public class ExecutorServiceController {
    @Autowired
    private ExecutorServiceTask executorServiceTask;
    @GetMapping("/run")
    public String runTask() {
        executorServiceTask.executeTask();
        return "任务已提交";
    }
}

总结

方式	适用场景	配置方式
`ThreadPoolTaskExecutor`	普通异步任务 (`@Async` 或 `execute`)	`@Autowired private ThreadPoolTaskExecutor`
`ThreadPoolTaskScheduler`	定时任务	`@Autowired private ThreadPoolTaskScheduler`
`ExecutorService`	原生 Java 线程池	`@Autowired private ExecutorService`