接口重试的7种常用方案详细介绍

public void sendSms(String phone) {
    int retry = 0;
    while (retry < 5) { // 无脑循环
        try {
            smsClient.send(phone);
            break;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            retry++;
            Thread.sleep(1000); // 固定1秒睡眠
        }
    }
}

@Retryable(
    value = {TimeoutException.class}, // 只重试超时异常
    maxAttempts = 3,
    backoff = @Backoff(delay = 1000, multiplier = 2) // 1秒→2秒→4秒
)
public boolean queryOrderStatus(String orderId) {
    return httpClient.get("/order/" + orderId);
}

@Recover // 兜底回退方法
public boolean fallback() {
    return false; 
}

// 1. 重试配置：指数退避 + 随机抖动
RetryConfig retryConfig = RetryConfig.custom()
    .maxAttempts(3)
    .intervalFunction(IntervalFunction.ofExponentialRandomBackoff(
        1000L, // 初始间隔1秒
        2.0,   // 指数倍数
        0.3    // 随机抖动系数
    ))
    .retryOnException(e -> e instanceof TimeoutException)
    .build();

// 2. 熔断配置：错误率超50%时熔断
CircuitBreakerConfig cbConfig = CircuitBreakerConfig.custom()
    .slidingWindow(10, 10, CircuitBreakerConfig.SlidingWindowType.COUNT_BASED) 
    .failureRateThreshold(50)
    .build();

// 组合使用
Retry retry = Retry.of("payment", retryConfig);
CircuitBreaker cb = CircuitBreaker.of("payment", cbConfig);

// 执行业务逻辑
Supplier<Boolean> supplier = () -> paymentService.pay();
Supplier<Boolean> decorated = Decorators.ofSupplier(supplier)
    .withRetry(retry)
    .withCircuitBreaker(cb)
    .decorate();

// 生产者发送延时消息
Message<String> message = new Message();
message.setBody("订单数据");
message.setDelayTimeLevel(3); // RocketMQ预设的10秒延迟级别
rocketMQTemplate.send(message);

// 消费者重试
@RocketMQMessageListener(topic = "DELAY_TOPIC")
public class DelayConsumer {
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message message) {
        try {
            syncLogistics(message);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 重试次数 + 1，并重新发送到更高延迟级别
            resendWithDelay(message, retryCount + 1);
        }
    }
}

@Scheduled(cron = "0 0/5 * * * ?") // 每5分钟执行
public void retryFailedTasks() {
    List<FailedTask> list = failedTaskDao.listUnprocessed(5); // 查失败任务
    list.forEach(task -> {
        try {
            retryTask(task);
            task.markSuccess();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            task.incrRetryCount();
        }
        failedTaskDao.update(task);
    });
}

@Transactional
public void transfer(TransferRequest req) {
    // 1. 记录流水
    transferRecordDao.create(req, PENDING);
    
    // 2. 调用银行接口
    boolean success = bankClient.transfer(req);
    
    // 3. 更新流水状态
    transferRecordDao.updateStatus(req.getId(), success ? SUCCESS : FAILED);
    
    // 4. 失败转异步重试
    if (!success) {
        mqTemplate.send("TRANSFER_RETRY_QUEUE", req);
    }
}

public boolean retryWithLock(String key, int maxRetry) {
    String lockKey = "api_retry_lock:" + key;
    for (int i = 0; i < maxRetry; i++) {
        // 尝试获取分布式锁
        if (redis.setnx(lockKey, "1", 30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
            try {
                return callApi();
            } finally {
                redis.delete(lockKey);
            }
        }
        Thread.sleep(1000 * (i + 1)); // 等待释放锁
    }
    return false;
}