Spring Boot中触发异步任务的几种实现方式总结

// 配置类启用异步并自定义线程池
@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class AsyncConfig {
    @Bean(name = "taskExecutor")
    public Executor taskExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5);
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
        executor.setQueueCapacity(25);
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("Async-");
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

// 服务类
@Service
public class AssessmentService {
    @Async("taskExecutor")
    public void performMentalHealthAssessment(User user) {
        // 模拟耗时评估逻辑
        // ...
    }
}

// 控制器调用
@RestController
public class AssessmentController {
    @Autowired
    private AssessmentService assessmentService;

    @PostMapping("/trigger-assessment")
    public ResponseEntity<String> triggerAssessment(@RequestBody User user) {
        assessmentService.performMentalHealthAssessment(user);
        return ResponseEntity.ok("评估已异步触发");
    }
}

// 生产者（控制器）
@RestController
public class AssessmentController {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @PostMapping("/trigger-assessment")
    public ResponseEntity<String> triggerAssessment(@RequestBody User user) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("assessmentExchange", "assessment.routingKey", user);
        return ResponseEntity.ok("评估任务已发送至消息队列");
    }
}

// 消费者
@Component
public class AssessmentConsumer {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "assessmentQueue")
    public void handleAssessment(User user) {
        // 处理心理健康评估
        // ...
    }
}

@Service
public class AssessmentService {
    @Autowired
    private Executor taskExecutor;

    public CompletableFuture<Void> performMentalHealthAssessment(User user) {
        return CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            // 模拟耗时评估逻辑
            // ...
        }, taskExecutor);
    }
}

// 控制器调用
@PostMapping("/trigger-assessment")
public CompletableFuture<ResponseEntity<String>> triggerAssessment(@RequestBody User user) {
    return assessmentService.performMentalHealthAssessment(user)
            .thenApplyAsync(unused -> ResponseEntity.ok("评估完成"));
}

// 定义事件
public class AssessmentEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
    private User user;
    public AssessmentEvent(Object source, User user) {
        super(source);
        this.user = user;
    }
    // getter
}

// 发布者（控制器）
@RestController
public class AssessmentController {
    @Autowired
    private ApplicationEventPublisher eventPublisher;

    @PostMapping("/trigger-assessment")
    public ResponseEntity<String> triggerAssessment(@RequestBody User user) {
        eventPublisher.publishEvent(new AssessmentEvent(this, user));
        return ResponseEntity.ok("评估事件已发布");
    }
}

// 异步监听者
@Component
public class AssessmentListener {
    @Async
    @EventListener
    public void handleAssessmentEvent(AssessmentEvent event) {
        // 处理评估逻辑
        // ...
    }
}