跨平台C++包管理利器vcpkg的完全指南

# 管理员权限运行
cd C:\DevTools
git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg
.\vcpkg\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat

# 配置系统环境变量
[系统属性] → [环境变量] → 新建 VCPKG_ROOT = C:\dev\vcpkg
[系统属性] → [环境变量] → path后面新增 %VCPKG_ROOT%

git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg
cd vcpkg
./bootstrap-vcpkg.sh -useSystemBinaries

# 添加至bashrc/zshrc
export VCPKG_ROOT=$HOME/vcpkg
export PATH=$VCPKG_ROOT:$PATH

# 验证安装
vcpkg version

# 搜索软件包
vcpkg search boost

# 安装x64库
vcpkg install boost:x64-windows

# 删除软件包
vcpkg remove fmt --recurse

# 更新软件包
vcpkg update
vcpkg upgrade --no-dry-run

# 生成编译清单
vcpkg new --application myapp

# 导出编译结果
vcpkg export boost --output=boost_1.83.0.zip --raw

# 集成到系统目录
vcpkg integrate install

# CMakeLists.txt
set(CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE 
    ${VCPKG_ROOT}/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake
    CACHE STRING "Vcpkg toolchain file")

{
  "name": "my-project",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "dependencies": [
    {
      "name": "fmt",
      "version>=": "9.1.0"
    },
    {
      "name": "opencv",
      "features": ["contrib", "cuda"]
    }
  ]
}

# 安装manifest模式依赖
vcpkg install --triplet=x64-windows

# CMake构建命令
cmake -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
cmake --build build

# 安装所需库（示例）
vcpkg install fmt:x64-windows-static spdlog:x64-windows-static

#include <iostream>
#include <fmt/format.h>
#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
#include <spdlog/sinks/basic_file_sink.h>

int main() {
    // 使用fmt格式化
    auto text = fmt::format("PI = {:.2f}", 3.1415926);
    
    // 控制台日志
    spdlog::info("格式化结果: {}", text);
    
    // 文件日志
    try {
        auto logger = spdlog::basic_logger_mt("file_logger", "logs/app.log");
        logger->info("程序启动成功");
    }
    catch (const spdlog::spdlog_ex& ex) {
        std::cout << "日志初始化失败: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

// pch.h
#pragma once
#include <string>
#include <memory>

# 并行编译（需ninja）
vcpkg install --x-install-root=out --x-use-aria2 --x-assert-usage

# 禁用文档安装
set(VCPKG_POLICY_EMPTY_PACKAGE enabled)