Spring Boot中日志管理与异常处理实践指南

logging:
  level:
    root: INFO
    com.example.service: DEBUG  # 包级自定义级别
  file:
    name: logs/app.log         # 输出到文件

<appender name="ROLLING" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
  <file>logs/app.log</file>
  <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
    <fileNamePattern>logs/archived/app-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log.gz</fileNamePattern>
    <maxFileSize>500MB</maxFileSize>   <!-- 按大小切割 -->
    <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>        <!-- 保留30天 -->
  </rollingPolicy>
</appender>

logging:
  group:
    sql: org.hibernate.SQL, org.springframework.jdbc
  level:
    sql: DEBUG

public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
    private final int code; // 业务错误码
    public BusinessException(int code, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
    }
}

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalExceptionHandler.class);
    // 处理业务异常
    @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleBusinessException(BusinessException ex) {
        logger.warn("Business error: {}", ex.getMessage());  // WARN级别记录
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
               .body(new ErrorResponse(ex.getCode(), ex.getMessage()));
    }
    // 处理未预期异常
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleUnexpectedException(Exception ex) {
        logger.error("System error: ", ex);  // ERROR级别记录堆栈
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
               .body(new ErrorResponse(500, "Internal Server Error"));
    }
}

@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public ResponseEntity<String> handleException(Exception ex, WebRequest request) {
    logger.error("Request URL: {}, Error: {}", 
        request.getDescription(false), ex.getMessage(), ex);
    // ...
}

logger.debug("User id={} not found", userId);  // 正确✅
logger.debug("User id=" + userId + " not found"); // 避免❌

<encoder class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LogstashEncoder"/> <!-- 在logback中配置 -->

public class CustomExceptionFilter extends ExceptionFilter {
    @Override
    public Result invoke(Invoker<?> invoker, Invocation invocation) {
        Result result = invoker.invoke(invocation);
        if (result.getException() instanceof BusinessException) {
            return result; // 放行自定义异常
        }
        return super.invoke(invoker, invocation);
    }
}