Spring Boot @RestControllerAdvice全局异常处理最佳实践

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@ControllerAdvice
@ResponseBody
public @interface RestControllerAdvice {
    // 可指定包路径或控制器类
    @AliasFor(annotation = ControllerAdvice.class)
    String[] value() default {};
}

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface ExceptionHandler {
    // 指定要处理的异常类数组
    Class<? extends Throwable>[] value() default {};
}

import com.sheep.shrine.result.JSONResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
/**
 * 全局异常处理器
 * @RestControllerAdvice = @ControllerAdvice + @ResponseBody
 */
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    /**
     * 处理自定义业务异常
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(GlobleException.class)
    public JSONResult handleBusinessException(GlobleException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return JSONResult.error(e.getMessage());
    }
    /**
     * 处理所有未捕获异常
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public JSONResult handleSystemException(Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return JSONResult.error("系统异常，正在殴打程序员...", "50000");
    }
}

// 处理数据校验异常
@ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
public JSONResult handleValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e) {
    String message = e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors()
            .stream()
            .map(DefaultMessageSourceResolvable::getDefaultMessage)
            .collect(Collectors.joining("; "));
    return JSONResult.error(message);
}
// 处理数据库异常
@ExceptionHandler(DataAccessException.class)
public JSONResult handleDataAccessException(DataAccessException e) {
    log.error("数据库操作异常", e);
    return JSONResult.error("数据库服务异常");
}

@ExceptionHandler(UnauthorizedException.class)
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN)
public JSONResult handleUnauthorizedException(UnauthorizedException e) {
    return JSONResult.error("无权限访问", "403");
}

@Slf4j
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public JSONResult handleException(Exception e) {
        log.error("系统异常: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
        return JSONResult.error("系统繁忙");
    }
}

@SpringBootTest
class GlobalExceptionHandlerTest {
    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext context;
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @BeforeEach
    void setup() {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context).build();
    }
    @Test
    void testBusinessException() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/test-exception"))
               .andExpect(status().isOk())
               .andExpect(jsonPath("$.code").value("50000"));
    }
}

@Configuration
public class FeignConfig {
    @Bean
    public ErrorDecoder errorDecoder() {
        return (methodKey, response) -> {
            // 将Feign异常转换为自定义异常
            return new BusinessException("远程服务调用失败");
        };
    }
}