使用Baseline Profile提升Android应用启动速度的完整指南

android {
    buildTypes {
        release {
            // 启用Baseline Profile自动生成
            baselineProfile {
                enable = true
                automaticGenerationDuringBuild = true
            }
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    // 必须：Profile安装器
    implementation("androidx.profileinstaller:profileinstaller:1.3.1")
    
    // 基准测试依赖
    androidTestImplementation("androidx.benchmark:benchmark-macro-junit4:1.2.0")
    androidTestImplementation("androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5")
    androidTestImplementation("androidx.test.uiautomator:uiautomator:2.2.0")
}

:baseline-profile/
├── src/
│   └── androidTest/
│       └── java/
│           └── com/
│               └── your/
│                   └── app/
│                       └── BaselineProfileGenerator.kt
└── build.gradle.kts

import androidx.benchmark.macro.CompilationMode
import androidx.benchmark.macro.StartupMode
import androidx.benchmark.macro.junit4.MacrobenchmarkRule
import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
import androidx.test.uiautomator.By
import androidx.test.uiautomator.Until
import org.junit.Rule
import org.junit.Test
import org.junit.runner.RunWith

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class AdvancedBaselineProfileGenerator {

    @get:Rule
    val rule = MacrobenchmarkRule()

    @Test
    fun generate() = rule.generateBaselineProfile(
        packageName = "com.your.app",
        maxIterations = 15,
        compilationMode = CompilationMode.Partial(), // 关键：使用Partial模式
        profileBlock = {
            // 场景1：冷启动主界面
            startActivityAndWait()
            device.wait(Until.hasObject(By.res("main_container")), 5000)
            
            // 场景2：导航到设置页
            device.findObject(By.text("Settings")).click()
            device.waitForIdle()
            device.wait(Until.hasObject(By.res("settings_screen")), 3000)
            
            // 场景3：返回并打开详情页
            device.pressBack()
            device.waitForIdle()
            device.findObject(By.desc("product_item_1")).click()
            device.wait(Until.hasObject(By.res("detail_container")), 3000)
            
            // 场景4：处理深度链接
            startActivity(
                intentAction = "android.intent.action.VIEW",
                intentUri = "yourapp://detail/123"
            )
            device.wait(Until.hasObject(By.res("deep_link_container")), 4000)
            
            // 场景5：热启动验证
            device.pressHome()
            device.waitForIdle()
            startActivityAndWait()
        }
    )
}

app/build/outputs/managed_device_android_test_additional_output/
└── debugAndroidTest/connected/
    └── [设备名称]/
        └── baseline-prof.txt

app/src/main/baseline-prof/
└── baseline-prof  # 无后缀文件名

# 保留启动关键类
-keep class com.your.app.launch.** { *; }
-keep class com.your.app.MainActivity { *; }

# 保留深度链接处理类
-keepclassmembers class * extends android.app.Activity {
  public void onCreate(android.os.Bundle);
}

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class StartupBenchmark {

    @get:Rule
    val benchmarkRule = MacrobenchmarkRule()

    @Test
    fun coldStartup() = benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
        packageName = "com.your.app",
        metrics = listOf(
            StartupTimingMetric(),
            FrameTimingMetric()
        ),
        compilationMode = CompilationMode.Partial(),
        iterations = 10,
        startupMode = StartupMode.COLD,
        setupBlock = { pressHome() }
    ) {
        startActivityAndWait()
    }

    @Test
    fun warmStartup() = benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
        packageName = "com.your.app",
        metrics = listOf(StartupTimingMetric()),
        iterations = 10,
        startupMode = StartupMode.WARM,
        setupBlock = { 
            startActivityAndWait()
            pressHome() 
        }
    ) {
        startActivityAndWait()
    }
}

profileBlock = {
    startActivityAndWait()
    
    // 等待Compose根节点
    device.wait(Until.hasObject(By.res("compose_root")), 3000)
    
    // 强制编译Compose代码
    device.executeShellCommand(
        "cmd package compile -f -m speed-profile com.your.app"
    )
}

# 合并多个Profile文件
adb shell profman \
  --merge-profiles baseline1.txt,baseline2.txt \
  --output merged-profile.txt

# .github/workflows/generate-profile.yml
name: Generate Baseline Profile

on:
  release:
    types: [created]

jobs:
  generate-profile:
    runs-on: macos-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
    - name: Generate Profile
      run: ./gradlew :app:generateReleaseBaselineProfile
    - name: Upload Artifact
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      with:
        name: baseline-profile
        path: app/build/outputs/baseline-profile/

I/ProfileInstaller: Installed baseline profile for com.your.app
I/art: Compiling boot classpath ext methods...
D/ProfileInstaller: Profile installed in 243ms

// 在生成Profile时过滤小方法
rule.generateBaselineProfile(
    // ...
    filterPredicate = { method ->
        method.bytecodeSize > 100 // 只包含大于100字节的方法
    }
)

<!-- AndroidManifest.xml -->
<application>
    <property
        android:name="android.app.property.PROFILEABLE"
        android:value="true" />
</application>

// 启动器配置
@Startup(
    runOnStartup = true,
    dependencies = [ProfileInstallerInitializer::class]
)
class AppInitializer : Initializer<Unit> {
    override fun create(context: Context) {
        // 初始化代码
    }
}