Java中数据库连接池HikariCP和Druid的技术对比与性能分析

# application.yml
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
    hikari:
      pool-name: HikariPool
      minimum-idle: 5
      maximum-pool-size: 20
      connection-timeout: 30000
      idle-timeout: 600000
      max-lifetime: 1800000
      leak-detection-threshold: 60000

// Java配置
@Configuration
public class HikariConfig {
    
    @Bean
    @Primary
    public DataSource hikariDataSource() {
        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
        config.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb");
        config.setUsername("user");
        config.setPassword("password");
        config.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        
        // 性能优化配置
        config.setMinimumIdle(5);
        config.setMaximumPoolSize(20);
        config.setConnectionTimeout(30000);
        config.setIdleTimeout(600000);
        config.setMaxLifetime(1800000);
        config.setLeakDetectionThreshold(60000);
        
        return new HikariDataSource(config);
    }
}

# application.yml
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    druid:
      initial-size: 5
      min-idle: 5
      max-active: 20
      max-wait: 60000
      time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
      min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 300000
      validation-query: SELECT 1
      test-while-idle: true
      test-on-borrow: false
      test-on-return: false
      pool-prepared-statements: true
      max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20
      # 监控配置
      web-stat-filter:
        enabled: true
        url-pattern: /*
        exclusions: "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*"
      stat-view-servlet:
        enabled: true
        url-pattern: /druid/*
        login-username: admin
        login-password: admin

// Java配置
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
    
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.druid")
    public DataSource druidDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        
        // 基本配置
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb");
        dataSource.setUsername("user");
        dataSource.setPassword("password");
        dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        
        // 连接池配置
        dataSource.setInitialSize(5);
        dataSource.setMinIdle(5);
        dataSource.setMaxActive(20);
        dataSource.setMaxWait(60000);
        
        // 监控配置
        dataSource.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(60000);
        dataSource.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(300000);
        dataSource.setValidationQuery("SELECT 1");
        dataSource.setTestWhileIdle(true);
        dataSource.setTestOnBorrow(false);
        dataSource.setTestOnReturn(false);
        
        // 配置监控统计拦截的filters
        try {
            dataSource.setFilters("stat,wall,log4j2");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("druid configuration initialization filter error", e);
        }
        
        return dataSource;
    }
}

// 性能测试代码示例
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.Throughput)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@State(Scope.Benchmark)
public class ConnectionPoolBenchmark {
    
    private DataSource hikariDataSource;
    private DataSource druidDataSource;
    
    @Setup
    public void setup() {
        // 初始化连接池配置
        hikariDataSource = createHikariDataSource();
        druidDataSource = createDruidDataSource();
    }
    
    @Benchmark
    @Threads(50)
    public void testHikariConnectionAcquisition() throws SQLException {
        try (Connection conn = hikariDataSource.getConnection()) {
            // 模拟数据库操作
            performDatabaseOperation(conn);
        }
    }
    
    @Benchmark
    @Threads(50)
    public void testDruidConnectionAcquisition() throws SQLException {
        try (Connection conn = druidDataSource.getConnection()) {
            // 模拟数据库操作
            performDatabaseOperation(conn);
        }
    }
}

// 推荐配置
@Configuration
public class HikariOptimalConfig {
    
    @Bean
    public DataSource optimizedHikariDataSource() {
        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
        
        // 基础配置
        config.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db");
        config.setUsername("user");
        config.setPassword("password");
        
        // 性能优化配置
        config.setMinimumIdle(10);  // 根据业务负载调整
        config.setMaximumPoolSize(50); // CPU核心数 * 2
        config.setConnectionTimeout(20000); // 20秒
        config.setIdleTimeout(300000); // 5分钟
        config.setMaxLifetime(1200000); // 20分钟
        config.setLeakDetectionThreshold(60000); // 1分钟
        
        // 连接测试
        config.setConnectionTestQuery("SELECT 1");
        
        return new HikariDataSource(config);
    }
}

// 推荐配置
@Configuration
public class DruidOptimalConfig {
    
    @Bean
    public DataSource optimizedDruidDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        
        // 基础配置
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db");
        dataSource.setUsername("user");
        dataSource.setPassword("password");
        
        // 连接池配置
        dataSource.setInitialSize(10);
        dataSource.setMinIdle(10);
        dataSource.setMaxActive(50);
        dataSource.setMaxWait(60000);
        
        // 健康检查
        dataSource.setValidationQuery("SELECT 1");
        dataSource.setTestWhileIdle(true);
        dataSource.setTestOnBorrow(false);
        dataSource.setTestOnReturn(false);
        
        // 监控配置
        dataSource.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(60000);
        dataSource.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(300000);
        
        // 启用监控
        try {
            dataSource.setFilters("stat,wall,slf4j");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        
        return dataSource;
    }
}