Spring Boot中使用@Scheduled和Quartz实现定时任务的详细过程

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling  // 启用定时任务功能
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class SimpleScheduledTask {
    // 每5秒执行一次
    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000)
    public void runTask() {
        System.out.println("任务执行了！ " + System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
    // 延迟1秒后开始，每次执行完后间隔3秒再执行
    @Scheduled(initialDelay = 1000, fixedDelay = 3000)
    public void runDelayedTask() {
        System.out.println("延迟任务执行！ " + System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
    // 使用Cron表达式，每天午夜12点执行任务
    @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 0 * * ?")
    public void runCronTask() {
        System.out.println("Cron任务执行！ " + System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
}

# application.properties配置
spring.task.scheduling.pool.size=5   # 配置线程池大小
spring.task.scheduling.shutdown.await-termination=true  # 任务完成后是否等待线程池的关闭

<dependencies>
    <!-- Quartz Starter -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

# application.properties配置
spring.quartz.job-store-type=memory  # 使用内存存储任务（也可以使用jdbc）
spring.quartz.scheduler.instance-name=MyScheduler
spring.quartz.thread-pool.size=10

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class MyQuartzJob implements Job {
    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
        System.out.println("Quartz任务执行中... " + System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
}

import org.quartz.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class QuartzConfig {
    @Autowired
    private MyQuartzJob myQuartzJob;
    @Bean
    public JobDetail jobDetail() {
        return JobBuilder.newJob(MyQuartzJob.class)
                .withIdentity("myJob")
                .storeDurably()
                .build();
    }
    @Bean
    public Trigger trigger() {
        return TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .forJob(jobDetail())
                .withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0 0/1 * * * ?")) // 每分钟执行一次
                .build();
    }
    @Bean
    public Scheduler scheduler() throws SchedulerException {
        Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail(), trigger());
        return scheduler;
    }
}

// 例如，创建一个复杂的Cron表达式任务，控制任务的执行时间
@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 8 * * ?") // 每天8点执行
public void runComplexTask() {
    System.out.println("执行复杂调度任务！");
}