Spring 中的切面与事务结合使用完整示例

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

// User.java
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
}

// Order.java
public class Order {
    private Long id;
    private String productName;
    private Long userId;
}

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    // 自定义注解，表示此方法需要事务
    @TransactionalAspect
    public void createUserWithOrder(String userName, String productName) {
        // 1. 保存用户
        String userSql = "INSERT INTO users(name) VALUES(?)";
        jdbcTemplate.update(userSql, userName);
        // 模拟异常：如果 productName 是 "fail"，则抛出异常
        if ("fail".equals(productName)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("订单创建失败！");
        }
        // 2. 保存订单
        String orderSql = "INSERT INTO orders(product_name, user_id) VALUES(?, ?)";
        // 假设用户ID是自增，这里简化为查出来
        Long userId = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("SELECT MAX(id) FROM users", Long.class);
        jdbcTemplate.update(orderSql, productName, userId);
    }
}

// TransactionalAspect.java
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface TransactionalAspect {
}

@Aspect
@Component
public class TransactionAspect {
    @Autowired
    private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;
    @Around("@annotation(transactionalAspect)")
    public Object manageTransaction(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, TransactionalAspect transactionalAspect) throws Throwable {
        // 1. 定义事务属性
        DefaultTransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
        def.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED); // 默认传播行为
        // 2. 开启事务
        TransactionStatus status = transactionManager.getTransaction(def);
        try {
            // 3. 执行目标方法
            Object result = joinPoint.proceed();
            // 4. 方法成功执行，提交事务
            transactionManager.commit(status);
            System.out.println("事务提交成功");
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 5. 发生异常，回滚事务
            if (status != null && !status.isCompleted()) {
                transactionManager.rollback(status);
                System.out.println("事务已回滚，原因: " + e.getMessage());
            }
            throw e; // 重新抛出异常
        }
    }
}

@RestController
public class TestController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    // 测试：成功场景
    @GetMapping("/test/success")
    public String testSuccess() {
        userService.createUserWithOrder("张三", "iPhone");
        return "用户和订单创建成功！";
    }
    // 测试：失败场景（应回滚）
    @GetMapping("/test/fail")
    public String testFail() {
        try {
            userService.createUserWithOrder("李四", "fail");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return "创建失败，但事务已回滚！";
        }
        return "success";
    }
}