WinForm中集成NLog实现全局异常处理的详细指南

Install-Package NLog
Install-Package NLog.Config  # 包含默认配置文件模板

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"
      autoReload="true"
      throwConfigExceptions="true">
  <targets>
    <!-- 按日期分割的日志文件 -->
    <target name="file" xsi:type="File"
            fileName="${basedir}/logs/${date:format=yyyy-MM-dd}.log"
            layout="${longdate}|${level:uppercase=true}|${logger}|${message}${exception:format=ToString}" />
    
    <!-- 控制台输出（调试用） -->
    <target name="console" xsi:type="Console"
            layout="${longdate}|${level}|${message}" />
  </targets>
  <rules>
    <!-- 所有日志写入文件，Debug及以上输出到控制台 -->
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Info" writeTo="file" />
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Debug" writeTo="console" />
  </rules>
</nlog>

using System.Windows.Forms;
using NLog;

static class Program
{
    private static readonly Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();

    [STAThread]
    static void Main()
    {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
        
        // 注册UI线程异常处理器
        Application.ThreadException += (sender, e) => 
        {
            logger.Error(e.Exception, "UI线程未处理异常");
            ShowErrorDialog("应用程序发生错误，请联系技术支持");
        };

        Application.Run(new MainForm());
    }

    static void ShowErrorDialog(string message)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(message, "错误", 
            MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
    }
}

// 在Program.Main中添加
AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException += (sender, e) => 
{
    var ex = e.ExceptionObject as Exception;
    if (ex != null)
    {
        logger.Fatal(ex, "未捕获的非UI线程异常");
        // 非UI线程不能直接调用MessageBox
        // 可通过事件通知主线程显示提示
    }
};

public static class GlobalExceptionHandler
{
    private static readonly Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();

    public static void Initialize()
    {
        Application.ThreadException += HandleThreadException;
        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException += HandleDomainException;
    }

    static void HandleThreadException(object sender, ThreadExceptionEventArgs e)
    {
        LogException(e.Exception, "UI线程异常");
        // 可选：重启应用程序逻辑
    }

    static void HandleDomainException(object sender, UnhandledExceptionEventArgs e)
    {
        if (e.ExceptionObject is Exception ex)
        {
            LogException(ex, "非UI线程致命异常");
            // 非UI线程异常处理需谨慎，避免二次异常
        }
    }

    static void LogException(Exception ex, string context)
    {
        var logEvent = new LogEventInfo(LogLevel.Error, "GlobalHandler", ex.Message)
        {
            Exception = ex,
            Properties = { ["Context"] = context }
        };
        logger.Log(logEvent);
    }
}

// 模拟UI线程异常
private void btnTriggerError_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    throw new InvalidOperationException("测试UI异常");
}

// 模拟后台线程异常
private void btnStartBackgroundTask_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    Task.Run(() => { throw new Exception("测试后台异常"); });
}