Java EasyExcel创建复杂表格的完整指南

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.24</version>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

@Data
public class Person {
    @ExcelProperty("ID")
    private Integer id;
    
    @ExcelProperty("姓名")
    private String name;
    
    @ExcelProperty("年龄")
    private Integer age;
    
    @ExcelProperty("入职日期")
    private Date joinDate;
}

@Data
public class Department {
    @ExcelProperty("部门ID")
    private Integer deptId;
    
    @ExcelProperty("部门名称")
    private String deptName;
    
    @ExcelProperty("预算(万元)")
    private Double budget;
}

@Service
public class ComplexExcelService {
    
    public void writeComplexTable() {
    
        /*
         //1.写入io流
        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream =new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
        ExcelWriter excelWriter = EasyExcel.write(outputStream).build();
		*/
		//2。写入文件
		String fileName = "企业数据报表_" + LocalDate.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE) + ".xlsx"; 
        try (ExcelWriter excelWriter = EasyExcel.write(fileName).build()) {
            // 创建 WriteSheet，禁用默认表头
            //.registerWriteHandler(XXXHandler)  （XXXHandler需实现 CellWriteHandler）
            WriteSheet writeSheet = EasyExcel.writerSheet("企业综合数据")
                .needHead(Boolean.FALSE)
                .build();
            
            // 创建第一个表格：人员信息
            WriteTable personnelTable = EasyExcel.writerTable(0)
                .head(Person.class) // 使用类注解生成表头
                .needHead(Boolean.TRUE)
                .build(); // 可添加 .tableStyle() 自定义样式
            
            // 创建第二个表格：部门信息，定位在第一个表格下方
            WriteTable departmentTable = EasyExcel.writerTable(1)
                .head(Department.class)
                .needHead(Boolean.TRUE)
                .relativeHeadRowIndex(6) // 预留空间，避免重叠
                .build();
            
            // 写入数据
            excelWriter.write(generatePersonData(), writeSheet, personnelTable);
            excelWriter.write(generateDepartmentData(), writeSheet, departmentTable);
            
            logger.info("复杂表格生成完成：{}", fileName);
        }
    }
    
    private List<Person> generatePersonData() {
        // 生成模拟数据，略
    }
    
    private List<Department> generateDepartmentData() {
        // 生成模拟数据，略
    }
}

@Data
@HeadRowHeight(25)
@ContentRowHeight(20)
public class ComplexHeaderData {
    
    @ExcelProperty(value = {"企业信息", "基本信息", "员工编号"})
    private String employeeId;
    
    @ExcelProperty(value = {"企业信息", "基本信息", "姓名"})
    private String name;
    
    @ExcelProperty(value = {"财务数据", "薪资信息", "基本工资"})
    private Double baseSalary;
    
    @ExcelProperty(value = {"财务数据", "薪资信息", "绩效奖金"})
    private Double performanceBonus;
    
    @ExcelProperty(value = {"财务数据", "薪资信息", "年终奖"})
    private Double annualBonus;
}

@Component
public class CustomExcelStyleStrategy implements WriteHandler {
    
    @Override
    public void afterCellCreate(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, 
                               WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, Cell cell, Head head, 
                               Integer relativeRowIndex, Boolean isHead) {
        
        Workbook workbook = writeSheetHolder.getSheet().getWorkbook();
        CellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
        
        if (isHead) {
            // 表头样式：蓝色背景，白色文字
            style.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.ROYAL_BLUE.getIndex());
            style.setFillPattern(FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
            
            Font font = workbook.createFont();
            font.setColor(IndexedColors.WHITE.getIndex());
            font.setBold(true);
            style.setFont(font);
            
            // 边框设置
            style.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN);
            style.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN);
            style.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN);
            style.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN);
        } else {
            // 数据行样式：灰色边框
            style.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN);
            style.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN);
            style.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN);
            style.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN);
        }
        
        cell.setCellStyle(style);
    }
}

WriteTable personnelTable = EasyExcel.writerTable(0)
    .head(Person.class)
    .needHead(Boolean.TRUE)
    .registerWriteHandler(new CustomExcelStyleStrategy()) // 注册自定义样式
    .build();