Spring 异步执行器(Executor)配置策略与命名实践

@Configuration
@EnableAsync(proxyTargetClass = true)
public class AsyncConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {
    @Override
    public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        // 核心配置参数
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5);           // 核心线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(10);           // 最大线程数
        executor.setQueueCapacity(25);         // 队列容量
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("async-task-");  // 线程命名
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);      // 线程存活时间
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); // 拒绝策略
        executor.initialize();  // 必须初始化
        return executor;
    }
}

// 业务场景 + 功能模块
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("order-async-");
// 系统模块 + 任务类型
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("payment-notify-");
// 环境标识 + 业务类型
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("prod-user-sync-");

@Bean("orderAsyncExecutor")
public Executor orderAsyncExecutor() {
    ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
    executor.setCorePoolSize(8);
    executor.setMaxPoolSize(20);
    executor.setQueueCapacity(100);
    executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(30);
    executor.setThreadNamePrefix("order-async-");
    executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
    executor.initialize();
    return executor;
}

@Bean("notifyAsyncExecutor")
public Executor notifyAsyncExecutor() {
    ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
    executor.setCorePoolSize(4);
    executor.setMaxPoolSize(8);
    executor.setQueueCapacity(50);
    executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
    executor.setThreadNamePrefix("notify-async-");
    executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
    executor.initialize();
    return executor;
}

@Service
public class OrderService {
    @Async("orderAsyncExecutor")  // 指定订单线程池
    public void processOrder(Order order) {
        // 订单处理逻辑
    }
    @Async("notifyAsyncExecutor")  // 指定通知线程池
    public void sendNotify(Message message) {
        // 消息通知逻辑
    }
}

# application.yml 配置示例
async:
  executors:
    order:
      core-pool-size: 8
      max-pool-size: 20
      queue-capacity: 100
      thread-name-prefix: "order-async-"
    notify:
      core-pool-size: 4
      max-pool-size: 8
      queue-capacity: 50
      thread-name-prefix: "notify-async-"

@PreDestroy
public void destroy() {
    executor.shutdown();
    try {
        if (!executor.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
            executor.shutdownNow();
        }
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        executor.shutdownNow();
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
    }
}

// 注册线程池监控指标
@Bean
public MeterBinder taskExecutorMetrics(ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor) {
    return registry -> {
        Gauge.builder("async.executor.active.threads", 
                     executor, 
                     ThreadPoolTaskExecutor::getActiveCount)
             .register(registry);
        Gauge.builder("async.executor.queue.size",
                     executor,
                     e -> e.getThreadPoolExecutor().getQueue().size())
             .register(registry);
    };
}