Spring使用 AsyncConfigurer 自定义线程池实现高效异步任务管理

package com.example.demo.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;

@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class ThreadPoolConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {

    /**
     * 创建一个全局统一的线程池
     */
    @Override
    public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
        return taskExecutor(); // 指定全局默认线程池
    }

    @Bean
    public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5); // 核心线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(10); // 最大线程数
        executor.setQueueCapacity(25); // 队列容量
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("AsyncExecutor-"); // 线程名前缀
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

package com.example.demo.service;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class AsyncService {

    @Async
    public void executeAsyncTask() {
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - Task Start");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - Task End");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.service.AsyncService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class AsyncController {

    @Autowired
    private AsyncService asyncService;

    @GetMapping("/start-task")
    public String startAsyncTask() {
        asyncService.executeAsyncTask();
        return "Task Started!";
    }
}

@Async("taskExecutor")

@Async("taskExecutor")

No qualifying bean of type 'Executor' available: expected single matching bean but found 3

@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class ThreadPoolConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {

    @Override
    public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
        return mallchatExecutor();
    }

    @Bean("chatExecutor")
    public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor mallchatExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(30);
        executor.setQueueCapacity(100);
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("MallChat-");
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }

    @Bean("wsExecutor")
    public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor wsExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5);
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
        executor.setQueueCapacity(50);
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("WebSocket-");
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

@Service
public class ChatService {

    @Async // 默认使用 chatExecutor
    public void sendMessage() {}

    @Async("wsExecutor") // 指定 WebSocket 专用线程池
    public void pushToClient() {}
}