SpringBoot 配置文件核心用法(Properties & YAML)详解

server.port=9090

# 配置项目端口号
server.port=8080
# 配置数据库连接信息
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/testdb?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
// 普通的Spring Bean
@Component
public class UserService {
    // 依赖注入的对象
    @Autowired
    private ConfigService configService;
    // 空参、无返回值的初始化方法
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        // 此时configService已经完成注入，可安全使用
        String config = configService.getConfig();
        System.out.println("Bean初始化完成，加载配置：" + config);
        // 还可以做缓存初始化、数据预加载等操作
    }
}
// 依赖的ConfigService（示例）
@Component
class ConfigService {
    public String getConfig() {
        return "数据库连接配置：jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
    }
}

# 正确写法（冒号后必须带空格）
server:
  port: 8080
  host: localhost
# 错误写法（无空格，配置无法解析）
# server:port:8080

# 字符串（默认无需引号，特殊字符需加引号）
name: 张三
nickname: "zhangsan:001"  # 包含特殊符号时加双引号
remark: 'hello\nworld'     # 单引号会转义特殊字符，\n 不会换行
# 数字
age: 20
score: 98.5
# 布尔值
enabled: true
disabled: false
# 空值
empty: null  # 或 ~
# 日期（ISO 8601 格式）
birthday: 2024-03-18

# 写法1：短横线 + 空格（推荐，层级清晰）
user:
  hobbies:
    - 篮球
    - 游泳
    - 编程
# 写法2：中括号简写（单行）
user:
  tags: [Java, SpringBoot, MySQL]

# 多层嵌套（SpringBoot 常用）
spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
    username: root
    password: 123456
  redis:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 6379
    timeout: 5000ms

# 单行注释（仅支持单行，用 # 开头）
server:
  port: 8080  # 端口配置（行内注释也需用 #）
# 多行注释需每行加 #
# 开发环境端口
# 生产环境可改为 80

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/dbname?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: root

# 字符串
string.value: Hello
# 布尔值，true或false
boolean.value: true
boolean.value1: false
# 整数
int.value: 10
# 浮点数
float.value: 3.14159
# Null，~代表null
null.value: ~
# "" 空字符串
#，直接后面什么都不加就可以了，但这种方式不直观，更多的表示是使用引号括起来
empty.value: ''

string:
  hello: bite

@RestController
public class ReadYml {
    @Value("${string.hello}")
    private String hello;
    @RequestMapping("/ymlKey")
    public String key(){
        return "读取到值:"+hello;
    }
}

string:
  str1: Hello \n Spring Boot.
  str2: 'Hello \n Spring Boot.'
  str3: "Hello \n Spring Boot."

@RestController
public class ReadYml {
    @Value("${string.str1}")
    private String str1;
    @Value("${string.str2}")
    private String str2;
    @Value("${string.str3}")
    private String str3;
    @RequestMapping("/yml")
    public String readYml(){
        System.out.println(str1);
        System.out.println(str2);
        System.out.println(str3);
        return "yml";
    }
}

student:
  id: 1
  name: Java
  age: 18

student: {id: 1,name: Java,age: 18}

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "student")
@Component
@Data
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
}

@RestController
public class StudentController {
    @Autowired
    private Student student;
    @RequestMapping("/readStudent")
    public String readStudent(){
        return student.toString();
    }
}

dbtypes:
  name:
    - mysql
    - sqlserver
    - db2

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.List;
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties("dbtypes")
@Data
public class ListConfig {
    private List<String> name;
}

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class ReadYml2 {
    @Autowired
    private ListConfig listConfig;
    @RequestMapping("/readList")
    public String readList() {
        return listConfig.toString();
    }
}

maptypes:
  map:
    k1: kk1
    k2: kk2
    k3: kk3

maptypes: {map: {k1: kk1,k2: kk2, k3: kk3}}

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.HashMap;
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties("maptypes")
@Data
public class MapConfig {
    private HashMap<String,String> map;
}

@RestController
public class ReadYml2 {
    @Autowired
    private MapConfig mapConfig;
    @RequestMapping("/readMap")
    public String readStudent() {
        return mapConfig.toString();
    }
}

keycloak.realm = demo
keycloak.resource = fm-cache-cloud
keycloak.credentials.secret = d4589683-0ce7-4982-bcd3
keycloak.security[0].authRoles[0] = user
keycloak.security[0].collections[0].name = ssologinurl
keycloak.security[0].collections[0].patterns[0] = /login/*

keycloak:
  realm: demo
  resource: fm-cache-cloud
  credentials:
    secret: d4589683-0ce7-4982-bcd3
  security:
    - authRoles:
        - user
      collections:
        - name: ssologinurl
          patterns:
            - /login/*