Java实现抠图的三种主流方案详解

// 伪代码逻辑
Mat image = Imgcodecs.imread("photo.jpg");
Mat hsv = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(image, hsv, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2HSV);

// 定义绿色范围
Scalar lowerGreen = new Scalar(40, 40, 40);
Scalar upperGreen = new Scalar(80, 255, 255);
Mat mask = new Mat();
Core.inRange(hsv, lowerGreen, upperGreen, mask); // 生成遮罩

// 将 mask 应用到原图，提取前景
Mat result = new Mat();
image.copyTo(result, mask); 

// 极其简单的 API 调用风格
BufferedImage cutout = CutoutTool.process(originalImage);

// 简单示意
String response = restTemplate.postForObject(apiUrl, requestEntity, String.class);
// 解析返回的 Base64 图片或文件流

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class PureColorBackgroundRemoval {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 加载图片
        BufferedImage originalImage = ImageIO.read(new File("input.jpg"));
        // 创建带透明通道的图片
        BufferedImage processedImage = new BufferedImage(
                originalImage.getWidth(), originalImage.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        // 假设背景色为白色 (255,255,255)
        int targetRed = 255, targetGreen = 255, targetBlue = 255;
        int tolerance = 50; // 颜色容差（判断相似度）
        for (int y = 0; y < originalImage.getHeight(); y++) {
            for (int x = 0; x < originalImage.getWidth(); x++) {
                int rgb = originalImage.getRGB(x, y);
                int red = (rgb >> 16) & 0xFF;
                int green = (rgb >> 8) & 0xFF;
                int blue = rgb & 0xFF;
                // 判断是否为背景色
                if (Math.abs(red - targetRed) <= tolerance &&
                    Math.abs(green - targetGreen) <= tolerance &&
                    Math.abs(blue - targetBlue) <= tolerance) {
                    processedImage.setRGB(x, y, 0x00FFFFFF); // 完全透明
                } else {
                    processedImage.setRGB(x, y, rgb); // 保留前景
                }
            }
        }
        // 保存结果
        ImageIO.write(processedImage, "PNG", new File("output.png"));
    }
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
    <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
    <version>5.8.26</version>
</dependency>

import cn.hutool.core.img.ImgUtil;
import java.awt.Color;
public class HutoolBgRemoval {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 去除白色背景
        ImgUtil.backgroundRemoval("d:/test.png", "d:/result.png", Color.WHITE);
        // 去除指定颜色背景
        ImgUtil.backgroundRemoval("d:/test.png", "d:/result1.png", Color.RED);
    }
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.openpnp</groupId>
    <artifactId>opencv</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.5-1</version>
</dependency>

import org.opencv.core.*;
import org.opencv.imgcodecs.Imgcodecs;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
import org.opencv.video.BackgroundSubtractorMOG2;
public class OpenCvBackgroundRemoval {
    static { System.loadLibrary(Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME); }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 加载图像并转换为灰度图
        Mat image = Imgcodecs.imread("input.jpg");
        Mat gray = new Mat();
        Imgproc.cvtColor(image, gray, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
        // 使用 MOG2 背景减除算法[reference:13]
        BackgroundSubtractorMOG2 backSub = BackgroundSubtractorMOG2.create();
        Mat fgMask = new Mat();
        backSub.apply(gray, fgMask);
        // 利用掩码提取前景
        Mat foreground = new Mat();
        image.copyTo(foreground, fgMask);
        Imgcodecs.imwrite("output.png", foreground);
    }
}