Java线程池execute()和submit()的对比详解

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class ExecuteDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        
        // 提交无返回值任务
        pool.execute(() -> {
            System.out.println("execute 执行任务");
            // 异常会直接抛出，导致线程死亡
            // int i = 1 / 0;
        });
        
        pool.shutdown();
    }
}

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class SubmitDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

        // 提交 Callable 任务，有返回值
        Future<Integer> future = pool.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer call() throws Exception {
                System.out.println("submit 执行任务");
                return 1 + 1; // 返回结果
            }
        });

        // 获取任务结果（阻塞等待）
        Integer result = future.get();
        System.out.println("任务结果：" + result); // 输出 2

        pool.shutdown();
    }
}

Future<Integer> future = pool.submit(() -> {
    System.out.println("submit 任务");
    int i = 1 / 0; // 抛异常
    return 100;
});

// 异常不会直接抛出！
// 只有调用 get() 才会抛出 ExecutionException
try {
    future.get();
} catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("捕获到异常：" + e.getCause());
}