Spring项目多实例部署ShedLock分布式定时任务锁框架介绍

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SchedulerLock {
    // 【必填】锁的全局唯一名称
    String name();

    // 锁最大持有时间（毫秒数，旧版写法）
    long lockAtMostFor() default -1;
    // 锁最大持有时间（ISO-8601字符串，推荐写法）
    String lockAtMostForString() default "";

    // 锁最小持有时间（毫秒数，旧版写法）
    long lockAtLeastFor() default -1;
    // 锁最小持有时间（ISO-8601字符串，推荐写法）
    String lockAtLeastForString() default "";
}

<!-- Maven -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>net.javacrumbs.shedlock</groupId>
    <artifactId>shedlock-spring</artifactId>
    <version>4.44.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>net.javacrumbs.shedlock</groupId>
    <artifactId>shedlock-provider-jdbc-template</artifactId>
    <version>4.44.0</version>
</dependency>

// Gradle
implementation 'net.javacrumbs.shedlock:shedlock-spring:4.44.0'
implementation 'net.javacrumbs.shedlock:shedlock-provider-jdbc-template:4.44.0'

CREATE TABLE shedlock (
    name       VARCHAR(64)  NOT NULL COMMENT '锁名称，主键',
    lock_until TIMESTAMP(3) NOT NULL COMMENT '锁过期时间',
    locked_at  TIMESTAMP(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(3) COMMENT '加锁时间',
    locked_by  VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '持有锁的节点标识',
    PRIMARY KEY (name)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='ShedLock分布式定时任务锁表';

import net.javacrumbs.shedlock.core.LockProvider;
import net.javacrumbs.shedlock.provider.jdbctemplate.JdbcTemplateLockProvider;
import net.javacrumbs.shedlock.spring.annotation.EnableSchedulerLock;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
@EnableScheduling // 开启Spring原生定时任务
@EnableSchedulerLock(defaultLockAtMostFor = "PT10M") // 全局默认最大锁时长
public class ShedLockConfig {

    /**
     * 配置JDBC锁提供者
     */
    @Bean
    public LockProvider lockProvider(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new JdbcTemplateLockProvider(dataSource);
    }
}

import net.javacrumbs.shedlock.core.SchedulerLock;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class OrderTask {

    /**
     * 每5分钟执行一次：自动取消超时未支付订单
     */
    @Scheduled(cron = "0 */5 * * * ?")
    @SchedulerLock(
            name = "order_auto_cancel_task",
            lockAtMostForString = "PT15M",  // 最多持有15分钟，宕机也会自动释放
            lockAtLeastForString = "PT1M"   // 最少持有1分钟，避免执行太快导致重复
    )
    public void cancelTimeoutOrder() {
        // 业务逻辑：取消超时订单
        System.out.println("执行超时订单取消任务");
    }
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>net.javacrumbs.shedlock</groupId>
    <artifactId>shedlock-provider-redis-lettuce</artifactId>
    <version>4.44.0</version>
</dependency>

@Bean
public LockProvider lockProvider(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
    return new LettuceLockProvider(redisConnectionFactory);
}