SpringBoot整合MinIO实现文件存储功能

MinIO vs 其他方案：

阿里云 OSS → 按量付费，省心但长期用成本高
FastDFS     → 部署复杂，社区不活跃
MinIO       → 开源免费，部署简单，性能强悍（号称读写 183GB/s）
自己存磁盘  → 简单但不支持分布式，备份困难

docker run -d \
  --name minio \
  -p 9000:9000 \
  -p 9001:9001 \
  -e MINIO_ROOT_USER=admin \
  -e MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD=admin123456 \
  -v D:\minio\data:/data \
  quay.io/minio/minio server /data --console-address ":9001"

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.minio</groupId>
    <artifactId>minio</artifactId>
    <version>8.5.7</version>
</dependency>

minio:
  endpoint: http://localhost:9000
  access-key: admin
  secret-key: admin123456
  bucket: my-bucket

@Configuration
public class MinIOConfig {

    @Value("${minio.endpoint}")
    private String endpoint;

    @Value("${minio.access-key}")
    private String accessKey;

    @Value("${minio.secret-key}")
    private String secretKey;

    @Bean
    public MinioClient minioClient() {
        return MinioClient.builder()
                .endpoint(endpoint)
                .credentials(accessKey, secretKey)
                .build();
    }
}

@Service
public class FileService {

    @Autowired
    private MinioClient minioClient;

    @Value("${minio.bucket}")
    private String bucket;

    /**
     * 上传文件
     * @param file     上传的文件
     * @param objectName 存储的文件名（如 avatar/2026/06/abc123.jpg）
     */
    public String upload(MultipartFile file, String objectName) throws Exception {
        // 检查 bucket 是否存在
        boolean found = minioClient.bucketExists(BucketExistsArgs.builder().bucket(bucket).build());
        if (!found) {
            minioClient.makeBucket(MakeBucketArgs.builder().bucket(bucket).build());
        }

        // 上传
        minioClient.putObject(
            PutObjectArgs.builder()
                .bucket(bucket)
                .object(objectName)
                .stream(file.getInputStream(), file.getSize(), -1)
                .contentType(file.getContentType())
                .build()
        );

        // 返回可访问的 URL
        return endpoint + "/" + bucket + "/" + objectName;
    }

    /**
     * 上传文件（自动生成文件名）
     */
    public String upload(MultipartFile file) throws Exception {
        // 原始文件名
        String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
        // 扩展名
        String ext = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf("."));
        // 新文件名：日期 + UUID
        String objectName = DateUtil.today() + "/" + IdUtil.simpleUUID() + ext;

        return upload(file, objectName);
    }

    /**
     * 上传文件（指定目录前缀）
     */
    public String upload(MultipartFile file, String prefix, Long userId) throws Exception {
        String ext = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf("."));
        String objectName = prefix + "/" + userId + "/" + IdUtil.simpleUUID() + ext;
        return upload(file, objectName);
    }
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {

    @Autowired
    private FileService fileService;

    @PostMapping("/upload")
    public ResultVO<String> upload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
        if (file.isEmpty()) {
            return ResultVO.error(400, "请选择文件");
        }

        try {
            // 校验文件大小（10MB）
            if (file.getSize() > 10 * 1024 * 1024) {
                return ResultVO.error(400, "文件不能超过10MB");
            }

            // 校验文件类型（只允许图片和 PDF）
            String contentType = file.getContentType();
            if (contentType == null || !contentType.startsWith("image/") && !contentType.equals("application/pdf")) {
                return ResultVO.error(400, "不支持的文件格式");
            }

            String url = fileService.upload(file);
            return ResultVO.success(url);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return ResultVO.error(500, "上传失败: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    @PostMapping("/upload/avatar")
    public ResultVO<String> uploadAvatar(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file,
                                          @RequestParam Long userId) {
        try {
            String url = fileService.upload(file, "avatar", userId);
            return ResultVO.success(url);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return ResultVO.error(500, "上传失败");
        }
    }
}

public void delete(String objectName) throws Exception {
    minioClient.removeObject(
        RemoveObjectArgs.builder()
            .bucket(bucket)
            .object(objectName)
            .build()
    );
}

public void deleteByUrl(String fileUrl) {
    // 从 URL 中提取 objectName
    // http://localhost:9000/my-bucket/avatar/1/xxx.jpg
    String prefix = endpoint + "/" + bucket + "/";
    String objectName = fileUrl.substring(prefix.length());
    delete(objectName);
}

public List<String> listFiles(String prefix) {
    List<String> files = new ArrayList<>();
    Iterable<Result<Item>> results = minioClient.listObjects(
        ListObjectsArgs.builder()
            .bucket(bucket)
            .prefix(prefix)     // 按前缀过滤
            .recursive(true)    // 递归查询
            .build()
    );

    for (Result<Item> result : results) {
        files.add(result.get().objectName());
    }
    return files;
}

public String getPresignedUrl(String objectName, int expiryMinutes) throws Exception {
    return minioClient.getPresignedObjectUrl(
        GetPresignedObjectUrlArgs.builder()
            .bucket(bucket)
            .object(objectName)
            .method(Method.GET)
            .expiry(expiryMinutes, TimeUnit.MINUTES)
            .build()
    );
}

<form id="uploadForm" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="file" id="fileInput">
    <button type="button" onclick="uploadFile()">上传</button>
</form>

<script>
async function uploadFile() {
    const fileInput = document.getElementById('fileInput');
    const formData = new FormData();
    formData.append('file', fileInput.files[0]);

    const resp = await fetch('/file/upload', {
        method: 'POST',
        body: formData,
    });
    const result = await resp.json();
    if (result.code === 200) {
        console.log('文件地址:', result.data);
        // 回显图片
        document.getElementById('preview').src = result.data;
    }
}
</script>

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name file.example.com;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}