SpringBoot全局异常处理与日志记录的统一规范实战

public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
    private int code;
    private String message;

    public BusinessException(int code, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
    }

    // 常用错误码
    public static BusinessException notFound(String msg) {
        return new BusinessException(404, msg);
    }

    public static BusinessException badRequest(String msg) {
        return new BusinessException(400, msg);
    }

    public static BusinessException unauthorized(String msg) {
        return new BusinessException(401, msg);
    }

    public static BusinessException forbidden(String msg) {
        return new BusinessException(403, msg);
    }
}

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalExceptionHandler.class);

    @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
    public ResultVO<?> handleBusiness(BusinessException e) {
        log.warn("业务异常: code={}, msg={}", e.getCode(), e.getMessage());
        return ResultVO.error(e.getCode(), e.getMessage());
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    public ResultVO<?> handleValidation(MethodArgumentNotValidException e) {
        String msg = e.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().stream()
            .map(FieldError::getDefaultMessage)
            .collect(Collectors.joining("；"));
        return ResultVO.error(400, msg);
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException.class)
    public ResultVO<?> handleConstraint(ConstraintViolationException e) {
        String msg = e.getConstraintViolations().stream()
            .map(ConstraintViolation::getMessage)
            .collect(Collectors.joining("；"));
        return ResultVO.error(400, msg);
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(NoHandlerFoundException.class)
    public ResultVO<?> handle404(NoHandlerFoundException e) {
        return ResultVO.error(404, "接口不存在: " + e.getRequestURL());
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResultVO<?> handleOther(Exception e) {
        log.error("系统异常", e);
        return ResultVO.error(500, "服务器繁忙，请稍后重试");
    }
}

@Component
public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogInterceptor.class);

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
                             Object handler) {
        // 记录请求开始时间
        request.setAttribute("startTime", System.currentTimeMillis());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
                                Object handler, Exception ex) {
        long start = (long) request.getAttribute("startTime");
        long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;

        log.info("[{}] {} {} → {} ({}ms)",
            request.getMethod(),
            request.getRequestURI(),
            request.getQueryString() != null ? "?" + request.getQueryString() : "",
            response.getStatus(),
            duration
        );
    }
}

@Configuration
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    @Autowired
    private LogInterceptor logInterceptor;

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(logInterceptor)
                .addPathPatterns("/api/**");
    }
}

logging:
  level:
    root: INFO
    com.zhang: DEBUG
    com.zhang.seckill.mapper: TRACE
  file:
    path: /var/log/app
    name: ${logging.file.path}/app.log
  logback:
    rolling policy:
      max-history: 30
      max-file-size: 100MB

// ✅ 正确：带参数占位符
log.info("用户 {} 创建订单 {}", userId, orderNo);

// ❌ 错误：字符串拼接
log.info("用户 " + userId + " 创建订单 " + orderNo);

// ✅ 正确：包含上下文信息
log.warn("支付失败: orderNo={}, amount={}, error={}", orderNo, amount, error);

// ❌ 错误：没信息量的日志
log.info("支付失败");