Windows与Linux环境下的高性能负载均衡教程

# 假设 nssm.exe 已放在 C:\tools\nssm\nssm.exe
C:\tools\nssm\nssm install nginx "C:\nginx\nginx.exe"
# 启动服务
net start nginx

# 启动
C:\nginx\nginx.exe

# 平滑重载（重读配置）
C:\nginx\nginx.exe -s reload

# 停止
C:\nginx\nginx.exe -s quit

# Ubuntu / Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y nginx

# CentOS / RHEL
sudo yum install -y epel-release
sudo yum install -y nginx

# 安装依赖
sudo apt install -y build-essential libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev \
                     libssl-dev

# 下载源码并编译
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz && cd nginx-1.24.0

./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
  --with-http_ssl_module \
  --with-http_v2_module \
  --with-http_stub_status_module \
  --with-stream \
  --with-stream_ssl_module
make && sudo make install

sudo systemctl enable nginx
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl reload nginx
sudo systemctl status nginx

upstream backend {
    server srv1.example.com:80;
    server srv2.example.com:80;
    server srv3.example.com:80;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
}

upstream backend {
    least_conn;
    server srv1.example.com;
    server srv2.example.com;
    server srv3.example.com;
}

upstream backend {
    ip_hash;
    server srv1.example.com;
    server srv2.example.com;
    server srv3.example.com;
}

upstream backend {
    server srv1.example.com weight=4;
    server srv2.example.com weight=1;
    server srv3.example.com weight=1;
}

upstream backend {
    server srv1.example.com;
    server srv2.example.com backup;   # 仅在主组不可用时才使用
    server srv3.example.com down;     # 永久下线（手动维护）
}

upstream backend {
    server srv1.example.com max_fails=2 fail_timeout=15s;
    server srv2.example.com;
}

# 在 http{} 顶层设置
worker_connections  10240;      # 每 Worker 最大连接数
keepalive_timeout   65s;        # 客户端长连接超时
keepalive_requests  100;        # 单连接最大请求数

server {
    proxy_connect_timeout  3s;   # 建立 TCP 连接超时
    proxy_send_timeout     10s;  # 发送请求到后端超时
    proxy_read_timeout     30s;  # 接收后端响应超时
}

sysctl -w net.core.somaxconn=65535

location /nginx_status {
    stub_status on;
    allow  127.0.0.1;
    deny   all;
}

Active connections: 291 
server accepts handled requests
 15394 15394 54123 
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 290

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
                '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
                '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
                'rt=$request_time ua="$upstream_addr" us="$upstream_response_time"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

server backend.example.com resolve; + resolver

http2 on;
grpc_pass grpc://backend;