Nginx多服务静态资源路径冲突问题及解决方案

域名: mathcoding.top
├── 主服务 (端口5000) → 路径前缀: /
└── 限流服务 (端口5001) → 路径前缀: /numberLimit

# 限流服务
location /numberLimit {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5001/;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
# 主服务（兜底规则）
location / {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5000;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}

<!-- 5001端口的限流服务的模板 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{url_for('static', filename='css/style.css')}}" />

请求URL: https://mathcoding.top/static/css/style.css
状态码: 200 或 404
来源页面: https://mathcoding.top/numberLimit/
问题: 这个CSS文件来自5000端口的主服务，不是5001端口的限流服务

Flask渲染模板
    ↓
url_for('static', filename='css/style.css')
    ↓
生成HTML: <link href="/static/css/style.css">
    ↓
浏览器解析HTML并发起请求: GET /static/css/style.css
    ↓
Nginx匹配规则:
  - /numberLimit? 不匹配 (请求路径是/static/..., 不是/numberLimit/...)
  - /? 匹配! (最长前缀匹配的兜底规则)
    ↓
proxy_pass转发到: http://127.0.0.1:5000/static/css/style.css
    ↓
错误: 5001服务的静态资源被错误地路由到5000服务

# 设置独立的静态资源URL路径
app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path="/numberLimit-static")

# 修改前
url_for('static', filename='css/style.css')  # → /static/css/style.css
# 修改后
url_for('static', filename='css/style.css')  # → /numberLimit-static/css/style.css

# 静态资源location（优先级高，放在前面）
location /numberLimit-static/ {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5001/numberLimit-static/;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
# 服务主路径
location /numberLimit {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5001/;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
# 主服务（放在最后）
location / {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5000;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}

Flask渲染模板
    ↓
url_for('static', filename='css/style.css')
    ↓
生成HTML: <link href="/numberLimit-static/css/style.css">
    ↓
浏览器请求: GET https://mathcoding.top/numberLimit-static/css/style.css
    ↓
Nginx匹配规则:
  - /numberLimit-static/? 匹配! (最长前缀匹配)
    ↓
proxy_pass转发: http://127.0.0.1:5001/numberLimit-static/css/style.css
    ↓
Flask处理:
  - 路由 /numberLimit-static/* 由 static_url_path 处理
  - 映射到文件系统: static/css/style.css
    ↓
返回正确的CSS文件 ✅

# ✅ 正确：带尾斜杠，进行路径替换
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5001/numberLimit-static/;
# 请求 /numberLimit-static/css/style.css
# 转发 http://127.0.0.1:5001/numberLimit-static/css/style.css
# ❌ 错误：不带尾斜杠，拼接完整路径
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5001/numberLimit-static;
# 请求 /numberLimit-static/css/style.css
# 转发 http://127.0.0.1:5001/numberLimit-static/numberLimit-static/css/style.css

# 测试Nginx配置
nginx -t
# 查看实际匹配的location（需要开启debug日志）
tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log | grep location

# 限流服务 - 独立子域名
server {
    server_name numberlimit.mathcoding.top;
   
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5001;
        # proxy配置...
    }
}
# 主服务
server {
    server_name mathcoding.top www.mathcoding.top;
   
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5000;
        # proxy配置...
    }
}

app = Flask(__name__)  # 无需设置static_url_path