2026新版Ubuntu安装Docker(20.10+)和Docker Compose全过程

#安装前先卸载操作系统默认安装的docker，
sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

#安装必要支持
sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common gnupg lsb-release

#Docker官方源
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

#阿里源
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg



#添加apt源:
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null


echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null


sudo apt update
sudo apt-get update

sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
sudo docker version
sudo systemctl status docker

sudo groupadd docker
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker 
docker ps -a

groupadd -f docker

{
    "registry-mirrors": [
        "https://docker.m.daocloud.io"
  ]
}  

# 1. 创建Docker服务的代理配置目录（若不存在）
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
# 2. 编辑代理配置文件
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/proxy.conf

# 3. 粘贴以下内容（端口号要替换你自己代理监听的端口号）
[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://host.docker.internal:7890"
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=http://host.docker.internal:7890"
Environment="NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,::1,host.docker.internal"

# 5. 重新加载配置并重启Docker
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

# 6. 验证代理是否生效
docker info | grep -i proxy
# 若输出 "HTTP Proxy: http://127.0.0.1:7890" 等内容，说明配置成功
curl https://registry-1.docker.io -v
#或者curl -x http://127.0.0.1:7890 https://registry-1.docker.io -v
#如果返回内容，说明代理有效

sudo systemctl restart docker

# 更新源并安装Compose插件
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y docker-compose-plugin
docker compose version