Linux查看系统内核版本的方法总结

uname -r

5.15.0-76-generic

uname -a

Linux myhost 5.15.0-76-generic #83-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 15 19:16:32 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

cat /proc/version

Linux version 5.15.0-76-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-045) (gcc (Ubuntu 11.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38) #83-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 15 19:16:32 UTC 2023

hostnamectl

   Static hostname: myhost
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
           Boot ID: abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890ab
    Virtualization: kvm
  Operating System: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
            Kernel: Linux 5.15.0-76-generic
      Architecture: x86-64

lsb_release -a && echo "Kernel: $(uname -r)"

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
Release:        22.04
Codename:       jammy
Kernel: 5.15.0-76-generic

dmesg | grep -i "linux version"

[    0.000000] Linux version 5.15.0-76-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-045) (gcc (Ubuntu 11.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38) #83-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 15 19:16:32 UTC 2023

#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    struct utsname u;
    uname(&u);
    printf("System: %s\n", u.sysname);
    printf("Node: %s\n", u.nodename);
    printf("Release: %s\n", u.release);     // ← 这就是内核版本
    printf("Version: %s\n", u.version);
    printf("Machine: %s\n", u.machine);
    return 0;
}

gcc -o kernel_info kernel_info.c
./kernel_info

System: Linux
Node: myhost
Release: 5.15.0-76-generic
Version: #83-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 15 19:16:32 UTC 2023
Machine: x86_64

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class LinuxKernelVersionFetcher {

    /**
     * 使用 Runtime.exec 执行 uname -r 获取内核版本
     */
    public static String getKernelVersionViaUname() {
        try {
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("uname -r");
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
            String version = reader.lines().collect(Collectors.joining("\n")).trim();
            process.waitFor();
            return version.isEmpty() ? "Unknown" : version;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Failed to execute uname -r: " + e.getMessage());
            return "Error: " + e.getClass().getSimpleName();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 读取 /proc/version 文件内容
     */
    public static String getKernelVersionViaProc() {
        try {
            String content = Files.readString(Paths.get("/proc/version"));
            return content.split(" ")[2]; // 提取 "Linux version 5.xx.xx-xx" 中的第三部分
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Failed to read /proc/version: " + e.getMessage());
            return "Error: " + e.getClass().getSimpleName();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 使用 ProcessBuilder（推荐方式，更灵活）
     */
    public static String getKernelVersionViaProcessBuilder() {
        try {
            ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("uname", "-r");
            pb.redirectErrorStream(true); // 合并错误流
            Process process = pb.start();

            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
            String version = reader.lines().collect(Collectors.joining()).trim();
            int exitCode = process.waitFor();

            if (exitCode != 0) {
                return "Command failed with exit code: " + exitCode;
            }

            return version.isEmpty() ? "Unknown" : version;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("ProcessBuilder failed: " + e.getMessage());
            return "Error: " + e.getClass().getSimpleName();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 综合方法：优先尝试 uname，失败再尝试 /proc/version
     */
    public static String getKernelVersionRobust() {
        String version = getKernelVersionViaUname();
        if (version.startsWith("Error") || version.equals("Unknown")) {
            version = getKernelVersionViaProc();
        }
        return version;
    }

    /**
     * 输出格式化信息
     */
    public static void printKernelInfo() {
        System.out.println("==================================");
        System.out.println("🐧 Linux Kernel Version Report");
        System.out.println("==================================");
        System.out.println("Via uname -r: " + getKernelVersionViaUname());
        System.out.println("Via /proc/version: " + getKernelVersionViaProc());
        System.out.println("Via ProcessBuilder: " + getKernelVersionViaProcessBuilder());
        System.out.println("Robust method: " + getKernelVersionRobust());
        System.out.println("==================================");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        printKernelInfo();
    }
}

==================================
🐧 Linux Kernel Version Report
==================================
Via uname -r: 5.15.0-76-generic
Via /proc/version: 5.15.0-76-generic
Via ProcessBuilder: 5.15.0-76-generic
Robust method: 5.15.0-76-generic
==================================

#!/bin/bash

LOG_FILE="/var/log/kernel_version.log"
CURRENT_KERNEL=$(uname -r)
TIMESTAMP=$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

# 如果日志文件不存在，创建并写入标题
if [ ! -f "$LOG_FILE" ]; then
    echo "Timestamp,KernelVersion" > "$LOG_FILE"
fi

# 读取最后一行内核版本（跳过标题）
LAST_RECORDED=$(tail -n 1 "$LOG_FILE" 2>/dev/null | cut -d',' -f2)

# 如果与上次不同，则追加记录
if [ "$CURRENT_KERNEL" != "$LAST_RECORDED" ]; then
    echo "$TIMESTAMP,$CURRENT_KERNEL" >> "$LOG_FILE"
    echo "[$TIMESTAMP] Kernel changed to: $CURRENT_KERNEL" | logger -t kernel-monitor
fi

echo "Current kernel: $CURRENT_KERNEL"

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/monitor-kernel.sh

crontab -e

0 * * * * /usr/local/bin/monitor-kernel.sh

Timestamp,KernelVersion
2024-05-01 10:00:00,5.15.0-75-generic
2024-05-02 14:00:00,5.15.0-76-generic

docker run --rm ubuntu:22.04 uname -r

5.15.0-76-generic

# 在宿主机：
uname -r

# 在容器内：
docker run --rm alpine sh -c "uname -r"

#!/bin/bash

CURRENT=$(uname -r | cut -d'-' -f1)  # 去掉后缀如 -generic
THRESHOLD="5.15.0"

# 版本比较函数（仅适用于三位数字版本）
version_gt() { test "$(printf '%s\n' "$@" | sort -V | head -n 1)" != "$1"; }

if version_gt $THRESHOLD $CURRENT; then
    echo "🚨 WARNING: Your kernel ($CURRENT) is older than recommended ($THRESHOLD)"
else
    echo "✅ OK: Kernel version $CURRENT meets minimum requirement"
fi

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/system")
public class SystemInfoController {

    @GetMapping("/kernel")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> getKernelVersion() {
        Map<String, String> info = new HashMap<>();
        info.put("kernel_version", LinuxKernelVersionFetcher.getKernelVersionRobust());
        info.put("os_name", System.getProperty("os.name"));
        info.put("os_arch", System.getProperty("os.arch"));
        info.put("java_version", System.getProperty("java.version"));
        return ResponseEntity.ok(info);
    }
}

{
  "kernel_version": "5.15.0-76-generic",
  "os_name": "Linux",
  "os_arch": "amd64",
  "java_version": "17.0.8"
}

@Component
public class CachedKernelInfo {

    private String cachedVersion;
    private long lastFetched;

    private static final long CACHE_DURATION_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000; // 5分钟

    public synchronized String getKernelVersion() {
        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
        if (cachedVersion == null || (now - lastFetched) > CACHE_DURATION_MS) {
            cachedVersion = LinuxKernelVersionFetcher.getKernelVersionRobust();
            lastFetched = now;
        }
        return cachedVersion;
    }
}

public static boolean isLinux() {
    return System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("linux");
}

Process process = pb.start();
boolean completed = process.waitFor(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // 最多等待10秒
if (!completed) {
    process.destroyForcibly();
    return "Timeout";
}

sudo apt install neofetch    # Ubuntu/Debian
sudo dnf install neofetch    # Fedora/CentOS

neofetch