Nginx的server、location用法及说明

listen 127.0.0.1:8000; // listen localhost:8000 监听指定的IP和端口
listen 127.0.0.1;    监听指定IP的所有端口
listen 8000;    监听指定端口上的连接
listen *:8000;    监听指定端口上的连接 

server{
	listen 8080;
	server_name 127.0.0.1;
	location /{
		root html;
		index index.html;
	}
}
server{
	listen 8080 default_server;
	server_name localhost;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 444 'This is a error request';
}

server {
	listen 80;
	server_name www.test.cn www.test1.cn;
	...
}

server {
	listen 80;
	server_name  *.test.cn	www.test1.*;
	...
}

server{
        listen 80;
        server_name ~^www\.(\w+)\.com$; # 以 "www." 开头，后跟一个或多个单词字符（字母、数字、下划线），然后以 ".com" 结尾的域名。其中，( ) 括号用于捕获匹配的内容，可以在后面的指令中使用。
        default_type text/plain; # 设置响应的 MIME 类型为 "text/plain"，即纯文本类型
        return 200 $1  $2 ..; # 将捕获到的第一个括号内的值 $1、第二个括号内的值 $2 依次附加在返回的文本内容中。
}
注意 ~后面不能加空格，括号可以取值

server{
	listen 80;
	server_name ~^www\.\w+\.com$;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 'regex_success';
}

server{
	listen 80;
	server_name www.test.*;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 'wildcard_after_success';
}

server{
	listen 80;
	server_name *.test.com;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 'wildcard_before_success';
}

server{
	listen 80;
	server_name www.test.com;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 200 'exact_success';
}

server{
	listen 80 default_server;
	server_name _;
	default_type text/plain;
	return 444 'default_server not found server';
}

exact_success
wildcard_before_success
wildcard_after_success
regex_success
default_server not found server!!

location [ = | ~| ~* | ^~ ] uri {
 #指定对应的动作
}

server {
	listen 80;
	server_name 127.0.0.1;
	location /abc{
		default_type text/plain;
		return 200 "access success";
	}
}
以下访问都是正确的
http://192.168.2.4/abc
http://192.168.2.4/abc?p1=TOM
http://192.168.2.4/abc/
http://192.168.2.4/abcdef

server {
	listen 80;
	server_name 127.0.0.1;
	location =/abc{
		default_type text/plain;
		return 200 "access success";
	}
}
可以匹配到
http://192.168.2.4/abc
http://192.168.2.4/abc?p1=TOM
匹配不到
http://192.168.2.4/abc/
http://192.168.2.4/abcdef

server {
	listen 80;
	server_name 127.0.0.1;
	location ~^/abc\w${
		default_type text/plain;
		return 200 "access success";
	}
}
server {
	listen 80;
	server_name 127.0.0.1;
	location ~*^/abc\w${
		default_type text/plain;
		return 200 "access success";
	}
}

server {
	listen 80;
	server_name 127.0.0.1;
	location ^~/abc{
		default_type text/plain;
		return 200 "access success";
	}
}

location /images {
	root /usr/local/nginx/html;
}

location /images {
	alias /usr/local/nginx/html/images;
}

location / {
	root /usr/local/nginx/html;
	index index.html index.htm;
}
访问该location的时候，可以通过 http://ip:port/，地址后面如果不添加任何内容，则默认依次访问index.html和index.htm，找到第一个来进行返回

server {
	error_page 404 http://www.itcast.cn;
}

server{
	error_page 404 /50x.html;
	error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
	location =/50x.html{
		root html;
	}
}

server{
	error_page 404 @jump_to_error;
	location @jump_to_error {
		default_type text/plain;
		return 404 'Not Found Page...';
	}
}

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    # gzip on;
	


	server {
		 listen 83;
		 server_name _;
		 
		 #最低级匹配，不符合其他locaiton就来这
		 location / {
		 return 401;
		}
		 #优先级最⾼
		 location = / {
		 return 402;
		}
		 #以/blog/开头的url，来这⾥，如符合其他locaiton，则以其他优先
		 location /blog/ {
		 return 403;
		}
		 #匹配任何以/img/开头的请求，不匹配正则
		 location ^~ /img/ {
		 return 404;
		}

	}
}

rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.baidu.com/$1 permanent;