一文带你快速上手Nginx中启动、停止、重启的常用命令

// 示例：一个简单的 Spring Boot 控制器，用于测试 Nginx 是否正常代理
package com.example.nginxdemo;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HealthController {
    @GetMapping("/health")
    public String healthCheck() {
        return "✅ Nginx + Spring Boot is working! Server: " + 
               System.getenv("HOSTNAME") + 
               " | Time: " + java.time.LocalDateTime.now();
    }
    @GetMapping("/info")
    public java.util.Map<String, Object> serverInfo() {
        java.util.Map<String, Object> info = new java.util.HashMap<>();
        info.put("server", System.getProperty("os.name"));
        info.put("javaVersion", System.getProperty("java.version"));
        info.put("port", System.getenv("SERVER_PORT") != null ? System.getenv("SERVER_PORT") : "8080");
        info.put("uptime", java.time.Duration.ofMillis(java.lang.management.ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getUptime()).toString());
        return info;
    }
}

# 更新包索引
sudo apt update

# 安装 Nginx
sudo apt install nginx -y

# 启动 Nginx（后续会详解启动命令）
sudo systemctl start nginx

# 设置开机自启
sudo systemctl enable nginx

# 检查状态
sudo systemctl status nginx

sudo nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "sssl" in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default:15

sudo systemctl start nginx

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

sudo nginx

sudo systemctl stop nginx

sudo nginx -s stop

sudo nginx -s quit

sudo systemctl restart nginx

sudo nginx -s reload

sudo nginx -s reload

sudo systemctl reload nginx

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name your-domain.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

sudo nginx -t

sudo systemctl reload nginx

curl http://localhost

ps aux | grep nginx

# 手动触发日志重命名（不重启 Nginx）
sudo mv /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/access.log.1
sudo nginx -s reopen

// pom.xml 添加必要依赖（确保包含 Web 和 Actuator）
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

# application.yml
server:
  port: 8080
  servlet:
    context-path: /
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

mvn clean package
java -jar target/nginx-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

✅ Nginx + Spring Boot is working! Server: ubuntu | Time: 2024-06-15T10:30:00

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;

    # 访问日志
    access_log /var/log/nginx/app-access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/app-error.log;

    # 静态资源缓存（可选）
    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js|woff|woff2|ttf|svg)$ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
        try_files $uri =404;
    }

    # API 反向代理
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_buffering off;
        proxy_read_timeout 60s;
    }

    # 健康检查端点（可选）
    location /health {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/health;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}

sudo ln -sf /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginx

curl http://localhost/health
# 输出：✅ Nginx + Spring Boot is working! Server: ubuntu | Time: ...

curl http://localhost/info
# 输出：{"server":"Linux","javaVersion":"17.0.10","port":"8080","uptime":"PT2H30M"}

tail -f /var/log/nginx/app-access.log

#!/bin/bash
# deploy-nginx-java.sh

echo "🚀 开始部署 Nginx + Spring Boot 应用..."

# 1. 停止旧服务（优雅退出）
echo "🛑 停止旧版 Java 应用..."
pkill -f "java.*nginx-demo" || echo "没有运行中的 Java 进程"

# 2. 部署新 JAR
echo "📥 部署新版本 JAR..."
cp /opt/deploy/nginx-demo-*.jar /opt/apps/nginx-demo.jar

# 3. 启动 Java 应用
echo "⚡ 启动 Java 应用..."
nohup java -jar /opt/apps/nginx-demo.jar --server.port=8080 > /var/log/nginx-demo.log 2>&1 &

# 4. 检查 Java 是否启动成功
sleep 5
if curl -s http://localhost:8080/health | grep -q "✅"; then
    echo "✅ Java 应用启动成功！"
else
    echo "❌ Java 应用启动失败！检查日志：tail -f /var/log/nginx-demo.log"
    exit 1
fi

# 5. 重载 Nginx 配置
echo "🔄 重载 Nginx 配置..."
sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "🎉 Nginx 重载成功！服务已上线！"
    curl -s http://localhost/health
else
    echo "🚨 Nginx 配置错误！请检查 /etc/nginx/sites-available/default"
    exit 1
fi

location /nginx_status {
    stub_status;
    allow 127.0.0.1;
    deny all;
}

Active connections: 29
server accepts handled requests
 12345 12345 123456
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 28

# 查看最近 100 条 5xx 错误
grep " 5" /var/log/nginx/access.log | tail -100

sudo lsof -i :80
# 输出示例：
# COMMAND   PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
# nginx   12345   root   6u   IPv4  12345      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)

sudo kill -9 12345
sudo systemctl start nginx

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/

# 1. 检查 Java 是否运行
ps aux | grep java

# 2. 检查端口监听
ss -tuln | grep 8080

# 3. 本地测试 Java 是否可达
curl http://localhost:8080/health

# 4. 检查 Nginx 错误日志
tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log

ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/privkey.pem;

worker_processes auto;

events {
    worker_connections 10240;
    multi_accept on;
    use epoll;
}

gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_min_length 1024;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
    expires 365d;
    add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    log_not_found off;
}

ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://your-domain.com/health

client_header_timeout 10s;
client_body_timeout 10s;
keepalive_timeout 65s;
send_timeout 10s;

# Dockerfile.nginx
FROM nginx:alpine

# 复制自定义配置
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
COPY default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

# 复制静态资源
COPY dist/ /var/www/html/

# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 80

# 启动 Nginx（前台运行）
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

version: '3.8'
services:
  nginx:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.nginx
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    depends_on:
      - app
    networks:
      - app-network
  app:
    image: openjdk:17-jre-slim
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    command: java -jar /app/nginx-demo.jar
    volumes:
      - ./target/nginx-demo.jar:/app/nginx-demo.jar
    networks:
      - app-network
networks:
  app-network:
    driver: bridge

docker-compose up --build

location / {
    proxy_pass http://app:8080;
}