Nginx使用gzip模块压缩静态资源的基础配置与启用

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br

Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Length: [压缩后大小]

http {
    # 启用 gzip 压缩
    gzip on;

    # 设置压缩级别（1~9），1 最快，9 最高压缩，推荐 6
    gzip_comp_level 6;

    # 只压缩大于 1KB 的响应体（小文件压缩反而增加开销）
    gzip_min_length 1024;

    # 设置压缩的 MIME 类型（注意：text/html 默认已包含）
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript application/x-font-ttf application/vnd.ms-fontobject font/opentype;

    # 对代理请求也启用压缩（如后端是 Java 应用）
    gzip_proxied any;

    # 设置是否压缩无 Cache-Control 或 Expires 的响应
    gzip_vary on;

    # 设置缓冲区大小（影响压缩性能）
    gzip_buffers 16 8k;

    # 设置压缩使用的内存池大小（高级优化）
    gzip_http_version 1.1;

    # 禁止压缩某些 User-Agent（如老旧 IE6）
    gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";
}

gzip_types
    text/plain
    text/css
    application/json
    application/javascript
    text/xml
    application/xml
    application/xml+rss
    text/javascript
    application/x-font-ttf
    application/vnd.ms-fontobject
    font/opentype;

package com.example.demo.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
@RestController
public class ApiController {
    @GetMapping("/api/users")
    public List<User> getUsers() {
        List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            users.add(new User(
                "User_" + i,
                "email" + i + "@example.com",
                "Address " + random.nextInt(1000),
                "Phone: " + (100000000 + random.nextInt(900000000))
            ));
        }
        return users;
    }
    // 静态资源：JS 文件（模拟打包后的前端资源）
    @GetMapping("/static/app.js")
    public String getAppJs() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
            sb.append("console.log('Hello from app.js line ").append(i).append("');\n");
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
    // 静态资源：CSS 文件
    @GetMapping("/static/style.css")
    public String getStyleCss() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            sb.append(".item-").append(i).append(" { color: #").append(String.format("%06x", random.nextInt(0x1000000))).append("; }\n");
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
    // User 实体类
    static class User {
        private String name;
        private String email;
        private String address;
        private String phone;
        public User(String name, String email, String address, String phone) {
            this.name = name;
            this.email = email;
            this.address = address;
            this.phone = phone;
        }
        // Getters & Setters（省略，Lombok 可简化）
        public String getName() { return name; }
        public String getEmail() { return email; }
        public String getAddress() { return address; }
        public String getPhone() { return phone; }
    }
}

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  web:
    resources:
      static-locations: classpath:/static/

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;

    # 静态资源直接由 Nginx 提供（效率更高）
    location /static/ {
        root /var/www/my-spring-app;
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }

    # API 请求转发到 Java 后端
    location /api/ {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }

    # 其他请求也转发到 Java（如 / 或 /index.html）
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

# 全局 gzip 配置（在 http 块中）
http {
    gzip on;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_min_length 1024;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript application/x-font-ttf application/vnd.ms-fontobject font/opentype;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_buffers 16 8k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";
}

mvn clean package
java -jar target/my-spring-app-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl restart nginx

curl -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip" -I http://localhost/api/users

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Encoding: gzip    ← 成功压缩！
Content-Length: 38215     ← 原始约 150KB，压缩后仅 38KB
Vary: Accept-Encoding

curl -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip" -I http://localhost/static/app.js

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/javascript
Content-Encoding: gzip    ← 成功压缩！
Content-Length: 42000     ← 原始 200KB，压缩后 42KB
Vary: Accept-Encoding

# 请求不带压缩头（应返回未压缩）
curl -I http://localhost/api/users

# 请求带 gzip 头（应返回压缩后）
curl -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip" -I http://localhost/api/users

# 下载并查看实际大小
curl -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip" -o users.gz http://localhost/api/users
ls -lh users.gz
gunzip -c users.gz | wc -c  # 解压后查看原始大小

log_format compression '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
                       '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
                       '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
                       '"$gzip_ratio"';

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log compression;

192.168.1.10 - - [15/Apr/2024:10:30:45 +0000] "GET /api/users HTTP/1.1" 200 38215 "-" "Mozilla/5.0" "0.25"

nginx -T | grep gzip

gzip_types application/* text/*;

spring:
  web:
    encoding:
      enabled: false
server:
  compression:
    enabled: false

gzip_proxied no_etag;

brotli on;
brotli_comp_level 6;
brotli_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript application/x-font-ttf application/vnd.ms-fontobject font/opentype;
brotli_min_length 1024;
brotli_vary on;

gzip on;
gzip_types ...;

brotli on;
brotli_types ...;

# Nginx 会按顺序匹配：br > gzip > 无压缩

wrk -t4 -c100 -d30s http://localhost/api/users

wrk -t4 -c100 -d30s http://localhost/api/users

location ~ ^/api/user/ {
    gzip off;
    proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
}

<script>
  window.CSRF_TOKEN = "abc123xyz";
</script>

location /nginx_status {
    stub_status on;
    access_log off;
    allow 127.0.0.1;
    deny all;
}

#!/bin/bash
URL="http://your-domain.com/api/ping"
RESULT=$(curl -s -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip" -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}:%{size_download}" $URL)

CODE=${RESULT%:*}
SIZE=${RESULT#*:}

if [ "$CODE" != "200" ]; then
  echo "❌ HTTP Error: $CODE"
  exit 1
fi

if [ "$SIZE" -gt 5000 ]; then
  echo "⚠️  API response too large: $SIZE bytes (expected <5KB)"
  echo "👉 Check if gzip is enabled for application/json"
  exit 1
fi

echo "✅ Gzip OK: $SIZE bytes"

location ~* \.(js|css|json|xml)$ {
    # 先尝试读取 .gz 文件（预压缩）
    gzip_static on;
    # 若无 .gz 文件，则动态压缩
    gzip on;
    gzip_types application/javascript text/css application/json application/xml;
    add_header Content-Encoding gzip;
}

# package.json
{
  "scripts": {
    "build": "vite build && gzip -k -9 dist/assets/*.js dist/assets/*.css"
  }
}

location ~* \.(js|css|json|xml)$ {
    gzip_static on;   # 优先使用 .gz
    gzip on;          # 备用：动态压缩
    gzip_types application/javascript text/css application/json application/xml;
    expires 1y;
    add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
}

curl -I --http2-prior-knowledge https://your-site.com/api/users

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$gzip_ratio"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush      on;
    tcp_nodelay     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    # ========== GZIP CONFIG ==========
    gzip on;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_min_length 1024;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript application/x-font-ttf application/vnd.ms-fontobject font/opentype;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_buffers 16 8k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";

    # ========== STATIC ASSETS ==========
    gzip_static on;

    # ========== SERVER ==========
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;

        location /static/ {
            root /var/www/my-app;
            expires 1y;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
        }

        location /api/ {
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        }

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        }
    }
}