MySQL中EXPLAIN语句及用法实例

{EXPLAIN | DESCRIBE | DESC}
    tbl_name [col_name | wild]

{EXPLAIN | DESCRIBE | DESC}
    [explain_type]
    {explainable_stmt | FOR CONNECTION connection_id}

{EXPLAIN | DESCRIBE | DESC} ANALYZE [FORMAT = TREE] select_statement

explain_type: {
    FORMAT = format_name
}

format_name: {
    TRADITIONAL
  | JSON
  | TREE
}

explainable_stmt: {
    SELECT statement
  | TABLE statement
  | DELETE statement
  | INSERT statement
  | REPLACE statement
  | UPDATE statement
}

DESCRIBE City;
# 等同于
SHOW COLUMNS FROM City;

mysql> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c2)\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
EXPLAIN: -> Inner hash join (t2.c2 = t1.c1)  (cost=4.70 rows=6)
(actual time=0.032..0.035 rows=6 loops=1)
   -> Table scan on t2  (cost=0.06 rows=6)
(actual time=0.003..0.005 rows=6 loops=1)
   -> Hash
       -> Table scan on t1  (cost=0.85 rows=6)
(actual time=0.018..0.022 rows=6 loops=1)

mysql> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE i > 8\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
EXPLAIN: -> Filter: (t3.i > 8)  (cost=1.75 rows=5)
(actual time=0.019..0.021 rows=6 loops=1)
   -> Table scan on t3  (cost=1.75 rows=15)
(actual time=0.017..0.019 rows=15 loops=1)

mysql> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE pk > 17\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
EXPLAIN: -> Filter: (t3.pk > 17)  (cost=1.26 rows=5)
(actual time=0.013..0.016 rows=5 loops=1)
   -> Index range scan on t3 using PRIMARY  (cost=1.26 rows=5)
(actual time=0.012..0.014 rows=5 loops=1)